miscellaneous

Question 1

Assassination attempts on Alex ii

Answer 1

1866 - shot at and missed
1880 - mine in dining room
1881 - killed by the people’s will

Question 2

dates of Crimean war

Answer 2

1853 - 1856

Question 3

how was military modernised under Alexander ii

Answer 3

Dmitry Milyutin reorganised the armed forces
conscription reduced better weapons less severe punishments
victory in russo-turkish war

Question 4

how was modernisation held back under Alex iii

Answer 4

limited by need for internal passport
50 percent of peasants not producing surplus
redemption payments capped income
higher classes often used for debt not investment

Question 5

culture russification bonus facts

Answer 5

further prohibitions on use of ukrainain lang in theatre and books

russians took top jobs in polish government

polish serfs given more generous policy of empancipation to secure loyalty to the russian state

Question 6

Oppostition remaining after Alexander ii’s death

Answer 6

self education circles including the muscovite society of translation and publishers continued underground

continued contact with radicals in the west

1883 Plekhanov established empancipation of labour to demonstrate marxism was fully applicable to russia, need to co operate with bourgoise to accelerate capitalist stage.

Question 7

when were the SRs and the SDs formed

Answer 7

SRs - 1901
SDs - 1896

Question 8

How many did the SRs assassinate

Answer 8

2000 people including 2 ministers of internal affairs

Question 9

how did the organisation of the SDs improve

Answer 9

Unable to make a major impact in the oct revolution
weakened by split in 1903

Bolsheviks developed a more organised and tightly knit organisation. evidence of more bolshevik activity in factories

Question 10

How did the organisation of the SRs improve

Answer 10

initial uncoordinated assassinations

Yevno Azef double agent organised the murder of Plheve.
by 1906 held thier first congress

assassinated stolypin 1911 - seen as one of thier major “successes”

Question 11

How did strength of rebellion and distrubances increase in marxist political parties

Answer 11

the om allowing creation of state duma allowed socialist ideas to be spread

SRs assassinated plheve stolypin and thier main method was agitation and terrorism

gov repression as a result of 1905 so only slightly improved
revenge attacks on anyone suspected of being anti - tsar

Question 12

bonus facts on forgien investment 1892-1914

Answer 12

Witte encouraged more foriegn companies, engineers and experts to contribute commercial and technological expertise. 16 foriegn companies in 1888, 269 in 1900

new class of industrialists and buisness men emerged, especially in moscow.

Question 13

how was lenin idealised

Answer 13

seizure of power emphasised, 1927 film october famously portrayed a heroic revolution

speeches eg April thesis

Question 14

how did lenin differ from early russian marxists when taking power

Answer 14

more of a top down revolution, Trotsky described it as a “small operation” 25,000 - 30,000 actively invovled

weakest link theory - russia was not meant to be first it was meant to be britain or france

spread to other nations - switch to emphasis on “communism at home”

middle class not strong enough to carry out a revolution

Question 15

What was the provisional government

Answer 15

under prince lvov
members who had favoured a constitutional monarchy - liberals, moderate socialists and kadets

intended to be provisional and hold elections for a constituent assembly

Question 16

what was the petrograd soviet

Answer 16

dominated by mensheviks and SRs
claimed to be democratically elected although only 7 of first 42 committee members were workers themselves

Question 17

what did the provisional government promise

Answer 17

basic civil liberties
right to organise trade unions and to strike
constituent assembly would be elected

Question 18

problems with dual power in action

Answer 18

pg tried to discipline deserters and restore order in the towns and countryside

soviet encourgared workers to defy authority and excercise thier rights

PG wanted all out effort to win the war, while many had assumed end of Tsarist regime meant end to the war

workers strikes and desertions continued
peasant disturbances affected 34 districts in march 1937
increased to 325 in july
street riots in july - the july days

1917 prices over 700 percent of 1914 levels