EDU 110 QUIZ 1

Question 1

What is educational psychology?

Answer 1

study of mental processes that affect learning in students and the teaching process, and the measurement of education outcomes

Question 2

How many students in US schools are provided services on the federal idea law?

Answer 2

15% of all students (7.3 million) are served under the Individuals with disabilities education act

Question 3

Are all types of research science? Why or why not?

Answer 3

No- induction alone can be research, whereas science involved induction, deduction, and operationalization. (you can do historical research but that doesn’t necessarily make it scientific)

Question 4

What would be good evidence that a new method of education works?

Answer 4

Two high quality group experimental studies supporting treatment efficacy, or five high quality single subject designs, 3 different researchers, 3 different locations, at least 20 participants.

Question 5

What is the “what works clearing house?”

Answer 5

Group that reviews research to find out what really works in education. They create intervention reports, evidence snapshots, practice guides, and quick reviews. (help you change education curriculum)

Question 6

Why is preschool education so important?

Answer 6

Due to patterns of neural development, infancy is a critical period for children to learn, most neural connections built between infancy and age 3.

Question 7

What is operant learning?

Answer 7

Learning occurs by association of actions with events/rewards/punishments/consequences. It follows behavior of ABC’s, antecedent, behavior, consequence.

Question 8

What was the cognitive revolution?

Answer 8

Cognitive science expanded beyond the operational conditioning model, and other methods of learning were examined and studied.

Question 9

What part of the brain do mental processes come from?

Answer 9

The flow of information across the whole brain- gray matter.

Question 10

What are the four mental processes involved in early language development?

Answer 10

Phonemic processing, statistical learning, working memory, and processing joint attention.

Question 11

What is the current state of scientific knowledge on pre-kindergarten effects?

Answer 11

Preschool intervention can promote growth in executive function skills.

Question 12

What are the characteristics of high quality preschool education?

Answer 12

1. High staff qualifications, professional development for teachers, higher salaries.
2. Class sizes should be small, full day programs.
3. Developmentally appropriate, evidence-based curriculum, ongoing program evaluation.
4. Onsite comprehensive services for children.

Question 13

What is the evidence that an academic achievement gap related to poverty may begin in infancy?

Answer 13

There are differences in language development by 18 months. Exposure to biological and psychological risks affect developing brain.

Question 14

What are the sources of risk and toxic stress for young children?

Answer 14

Maltreatment, parental substance abuse, and postpartum depression. Toxic stress causes damaged neuron connections, which affects learning.

Question 15

How does the United States compare to other countries in providing high-quality preschool?

Answer 15

Far behind other countries. Less enrollment of 3 year olds, share of GDP spent on preschool, teacher to child ratio bad etc.

Question 16

What are the two operational definitions of intelligence?

Answer 16

1. Performance on multiple tasks that measure mental processes that relate to or predict differences in rate of learning K-12.
2. Performance on tasks that measure cognitive processes that relate to or predict intensity of mental deterioration in adults.

Question 17

What percentage of children served under IDEA are affected by intellectual disability?

Answer 17

7.3 million or 15% of all children in public schools have learning problems.

Question 18

Why was the Larry P. vs Riles court case important?

Answer 18

Prohibited from using IQ tests to place students in EMR classes, all children automatically enrolled in general education. IQ is not inherently biased, but sample size is.

Question 19

What are the two types of errors or bias associated with assessments like IQ tests?

Answer 19

Type 1: falsely concluding that a problem exists when it does not
Type 2: falsely concluding that no problems exist when one does exist

Question 20

What factors beside brain development and genetics affect intelligence?

Answer 20

Poverty (malnutrition, toxic stress, single-parent household) education (better education signals better cognitive development)

Question 21

What is the evidence against the Biological determinism theory of the “achievement gap?”

Answer 21

There are no genes that define racial group for intelligence, depression, athletic abilities, etc. Any two people are 99.9% identical in their DNA.

Question 22

What are the mental processes involved in the cultural determinism theory of the “achievement gap?”

Answer 22

Cognitive affective implicit bias, prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, stereotype threat, negative impact on cognition and test-taking.

Question 23

What is a stereotype threat?

Answer 23

People are or feel themselves at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group.

Question 24

What are incremental and entity attributions about IQ and how do they affect education?

Answer 24

People with an entity attribution believe intelligence is fixed, while those with incremental attributions believe intelligence is malleable and can be changed with effort. Children with growth mindset overcome academic challenges.

Question 25

Is it possible to change prejudice in people, if so, how?

Answer 25

Yes. Some people can exert cognitive control to fight their implicit biases, but it often takes time to see real change.

Question 26

What is the relation between poverty and academic achievement?

Answer 26

Less poverty –> higher academic achievement
More poverty –> Lower academic achievement
Disadvantage of poverty accumulates as children get older

Question 27

How can poverty affect learning and cognition?

Answer 27

Poverty is stressful, and stress affects mental processes. Increases the challenge to process information.

Question 28

How can structural determinism/institutional racism impact the quality of schools?

Answer 28

Structural determinism, (societal discrimination that leads to differences in occupational opportunity) affects schools. Students inhibited by low achievement schools, cost of hiring teachers, class size, socioeconomic status, public vs. private access etc.

Question 29

What ways can poor nutrition impact children’s ability to learn?

Answer 29

Malnutrition can lead to insufficient energy to learn, affect signaling between enteric nervous system and the central nervous system that negatively affects learning. (brain gut connection)

Question 30

What are teratogens and how do they play a role in structural determinism?

Answer 30

Chemical, medication, street drugs, disease, or any environmental aspect that can interfere with embryonic development. Low socioeconomic status often leads to exposure of these teratogens. (lead in paint in lower level buildings)