effector function

Question 1

what is effector function

Answer 1

is a mechanism body uses to destroy and eliminate antigen.
in this lecture we going to learn how innate and adaptive immunity do there job

Question 2

innate immunity

Answer 2

• phagocytosis; the way cells eat up and destroy antigen. phagocytic cells include macrophage and neutrophils
• inflammation
• complement proteins
  -production of soluble mediator, ex interferons
  -NK killer cells

Question 3

what is the effector function of phagocytic cells

Answer 3

• eat up or uptake and digest the antigen
• they release biological active molecule cytokines to sign other cell to come to the site/ communicate with other cells to come to the site for help of killing antigen
  -start adaptive immunity

Question 4

how does phagocytic cells kill and digest antigen they have eaten

Answer 4

• thorough enzyme (lysosomes), produce toxic agent

Question 5

what are 3 role of inflammation

Answer 5

• attract other effector cells
• create physical barrier
  -promote healing of wounded tissue

Question 6

what is the effector function of chemokines and cytokines macrophage produce after encounting antigen

Answer 6

• increase vascular permeability which can lead to increase of IgG entry, increase fluid drainage to lymph node

Question 7

what are complement proteins and where are they found

Answer 7

• they complement role of antibodies
• they influence inflammation

found in liver or blood

Question 8

what are 3 distinct pathways complement protein cascade can start their effector function

Answer 8

• classical pathway
  -MB-lactin pathway
  -alternative pathway

Question 9

what are 3 effector function of complement protein cascade

Answer 9

• C3a can trigger inflammation
• C3b molecule can trigger phagocytosis
  C3b and other members can initiate production of MAC on the surface of pathogen in order to distruct it

Question 10

what is interferons

Answer 10

interferons molecule increase capacity of cells to present in both MHC I and II

Question 11

what is the effector function of interferon produced by cell

Answer 11

-activate NK cells to kill virus infected diseases
- active macrophage and dendritic cells
- create resistance to the virus
- increase MHC I class expression on all cells

Question 12

what is effector function of NK cells

Answer 12

removal of virus infected cells by releasing cytotoxic granules. and they are activated by interferons

Question 13

adaptive immunity

Answer 13

• antibody
• T cells

Question 14

what are 3 process of antibody in adaptive immune system

Answer 14

• neutralization: when antibody bind antigen and have effect on target cell and receptors on that antibody will uptake them and digest them
• opsonization: when antibody binds on the surface of antigen (bacteria) and receptors on that antibody will uptake them and digest them
  -complement activation: when we have antigen/bacteria in our blood or plasma, innate immunity and adaptive join

Question 15

What determines which effector functions an antibody can exert ?

Answer 15

Fc part determine the effector function of antibody
- IgG are good in opsonization
- IgE sensitive mast cells
-IgM good in activation of cpmlement system

Question 16

what is cross-link of antigen Fc receptor

Answer 16

when IgG 1 bind to the receptor of antigen causing cross linkage and then macrophage is activated leading to phagocytosis and destruction of antigen.

Question 17

what are the effector function of CD8+ T cells

Answer 17

• ## thy produce cytotoxins that kill virus infected cells