Eicosanoids Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

PROSTAGLANDINS

-C____ fatty acids are the precursors for prostaglandins

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prostaglandins were thought to originate in the ____

prostate

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in mid 50s it was isolated from body fluids In ether extract (PGE)

T/F

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Eicosanoids are Made by all cells except _____

RBC

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EICOSANOIDS

-are ___ hormones , ___ated from _____ acid

local

oxygen

arachidonic

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Arachidonic acid is a 20C with ______ bonds

4 double

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prostaglandin ___ is the most potent ___genous ______ substance (sleep wake cycle)

Endo

sleep-promoting

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Eicosanoids have profound physiological effects at very ____ concentration

low

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Eicosanoids are hormone-like

T/F

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Eicosanoids are paracrine

T/F

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Eicosanoids bind to ______ receptors and affect _____

G-coupled

cAMP

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ASPIRIN

aspirin inhibits ____
___mg% of aspirin daily is usually prescribed for hypertensive patient

Eicosanoids

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FUNCTIONS 
Eicosanoids mediate:
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-production of \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_
-regulate blood \_\_\_\_ 
-induction of blood \_\_\_ 
-\_\_\_\_\_ functions 
-\_\_\_\_\_\_ cycle 
-egress of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

inflammation

pain and fever

pressure

clotting

reproductive

sleep/wake

T lymphocytes

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arachidonic acid is synthesized from the essential ____ acid (C__:—), 692, by _____ and _____

linoleic

18:2

elongation and desaturation

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arachidonic acid is phospholipid bound(___,__)

Sn2,PI

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Arachidonic acid is released upon stimuli by :

1) phospholipase ___
2) phospholipase ___
3) ______ by DAG ____

DAG hydrolysis

lipase

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phospholipase C breaks down phosphatidylinositol into ______ and ____ leaves as a by product

DAG

Phosphoinositol

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corticosteroids (directly or indirectly?) inhibit PH signaling

Indirectly

DAG is converted to ____ acid by ______

Phosphatidic

P+ins -> PA(DAG kinase ) -> AA(PLA2)

Phosphatidic acid is converted to _____ acid and _____ acid by _____

lysophosphatidic

arachidonic

phospholipase A2

THE REACTIONS CATALYZED BY PGH SYNTHASE

PGHS catalyzes ___ step in __ pathway
________+________ activity
heme activates _____
target of ____
_____ membrane protein

first; cyclic

cyclooxygenase (COX) + peroxidase

tyr radical

aspirin

monotopic

ASPIRIN

aka _____ acid
(inhibits or aids ?) cyclooxygenase activity of PGHS
acetylates ___ ——

acetylsalicylic

inhibits

Ser 530

flubriprofen ____ aspirin channel and acetylates ___ protein

blocks

Ser

low dose of aspirin (reduces or increases?) heart attack risk, (inhibits or stimulates?) platelet aggregation by causing enucleated cells, __ days lifetime ,(can or cannot?) resynthesize enzyme

reduces

inhibits

Cannot

Some NSAIDs - ____ - _____ - ____ - ____ - _____ - ______

aspirin acetaminophen indomethacin naproxen phenylbutazobone flubriprofen

VIOXX | -2 PHGS isoforms (____,____)

COX1,COX 2

ASPIRIN can’t induce GIT ulceration T/F

F It can

ESKIMOS - ____ results of CVS disease despite the fat that they eat a lot of ___ - they are healthy because they eat —- - reduce cholesterol , leukotriene and PG levels

Low fat fish

Effect of cortisol on eicosanoids

Inhibits it

Eicosanoids regulate blood ______ and induct blood ___

Pressure | Clotting

Eicosanoids mediate production of ____ and ____

Pain and fever

Eicosanoids has no reproductive function T/F

Eicosanoids play no role in the sleep wake cycle | T/F

Eicosanoids causes egress of T lymphocytes T/F

The prostaglandin parent compound is the _____

Prostanoic acid

First 3 prostaglandins to be identified

E1 E2 F2a

Aspirin inhibits ____ enzyme

PGH synthase

COX 1 is constitutively expressed in ___ tissue include the _____ -COX2 is only seen in ____ tissues and expressed in response to ____

most; GIT mucosa certain; thyroid

COX__ is expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli

COX __ is the target for acetaminophen

2 examples of COX2 inhibitors

Vioxx (Rofecoxib) Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Prostaglandin ___ is the most potent endogenous sleep promoting substance

For arachidonic acid to be converted to prostaglandin, it needs to undergo _____

Cyclization