Steroids Flashcards
(32 cards)
Steroid hormones are derivatives of———
-they are synthesized by a variety of tissues, most prominently the ———and——- and during pregnancy by the———
cholesterol
adrenal gland ; gonads; placenta
The cholesterol precursor comes from cholesterol synthesized—— the cell from——-, from cholesterol ester stores in ————-,or from uptake of cholesterol-containing———-
within; acetate
intracellular lipid droplets
low density lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins taken up from plasma are most important when———- cells are———
steroidogenic
chronically stimulated.
all steroid hormones have The basic————- structure and carbon numbering system
cyclopentanoperhydrophenathrene ring
Pregnenolone is an example of what is called a “C-___steroid” because it has___ carbons
21; 21
Typically, endocrinologists classify steroid hormones into five groups of molecules, based primarily on the receptor to which they bind:
- _____
- _______
- _____
- ______,
- ______
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
Estrogens
Progestogens
Glucocorticoids;_____ is the major representative in most mammals
- Mineralocorticoids;——- being most prominent
- Androgens such as____
- Estrogens, including ——- and——-
- Progestogens (also known a_____) such as——-
cortisol
aldosterone
testosterone
estrodiol; estrone
progestins; progesterone
Some of these steroid hormones often are classified according to the organs that synthesize them:
- the adrenal steroids are so called because they are secreted by the———-
- the sex hormones are those produced by the——-
This distinction is not exclusive, however, because————————-?.
adrenal cortex
ovaries and testes
the adrenal cortex also secretes sex hormones,albeit to a lesser extent than do the gonads, and the ovaries under abnormal conditions may produce adrenal steroids
Glucocorticoids help to maintain normal blood pressure
T/F
T
The principal androgen, testosterone,is produced primarily by the—— and in lesser amounts by the ———and in women by the——-
testes
adrenal cortex
ovaries
Mineralocorticoids
-such as——- help maintain the—— between—- and—— in the body, predominantly exerting their effects within the——-
aldosterone
balance
water; salts
kidney
_____: their anti-inflammatory and——- actions have rendered them useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis and preventing the——
Glucocorticoids
Immunosuppressive
rejection of transplanted organs.
______also have an anabolic (synthesizing and constructive, rather than degradative) function in stimulating the production of skeletal muscles and bone as well as RBCs
Androgens
To enhance the anabolic activity of androgens without increasing their masculinizing ability, _____were developed.
anabolic steroids
- Though anabolic steroids were originally intended to combat diseases marked by——-, these synthetic hormones have been abused by individuals desiring to______
- Overdosing has been linked to serious side effects, including——— and——-
wasting
increase their muscle mass
infertility
coronary heart disease
Name the 2 types of female sex hormones
Estrogen
Progestins
Estrogens are secreted mainly by the——- and in smaller amounts by the——- and in men by the——.
-_____is the most potent of the estrogens.
-In other mammals these hormones have been shown to precipitate_____. -
ovaries; adrenal glands
testes
Estradiol
estrus (heat)
Estrogens also stimulate linear growth and skeletal maturation.
T/F
T
What happens to estrogen production during menopause
The ovarian production of estrogen plummets during menopause
Progestins
- the most important of which is_____
- are named for their role in————(____)
progesterone
maintaining pregnancy (pro-gestation)
Estrogens and progestins are secreted cyclically during____
menstruation
*During the menstrual cycle , the ruptured ovarian follicle (the____) of the ovary produces——-, which renders the uterine lining______
corpus luteam; progesterone
receptive to the implantation of a fertilized ovum.
Should implantation of ovum occur, the____ becomes the main source of progesterone, without which the pregnancy would____.
Placenta
terminate
As pregnancy progresses, placental production of progesterone increases, and these high doses______, preventing a———
suppress ovulation
second conception.
