Elbow

Question 1

what are the 6 phases of picthing

Answer 1

windup, early cocking, late cocking, acceleration, deceleration and follow through

Question 2

in what ranges of motion does that anterior UCL provide stability against valgus forces

Answer 2

20-120 degrees flexion

Question 3

what creates stability below 20 degrees flexion or over 120 degrees flexion

Answer 3

bony structures, the olecranon

Question 4

is teh ulnar nerve posterior or anterior to the ME

Answer 4

posterior

Question 5

what is the most common direction for the ulnar nerve to sublux.?

Answer 5

anteriorly to the medial epicondyle

Question 6

during throwing, where are tensile and compressive forces?

Answer 6

tensile medially and compressive laterally

Question 7

at what ranges of motion are compressive forces in the lateral elbow greatest

Answer 7

110 to 20 degrees fleixon

Question 8

during what phase of throwing is the highest extension and shear stress in the posterior capsule

Answer 8

deceleration

Question 9

what phases do you get the most tensile and compressive forces of the elbow

Answer 9

late cocking and early acceleration

Question 10

during which phase is the greatest strain on the anterior portion of the UCL

Answer 10

acceleration phase

Question 11

where does the medial and ulnar nerve run

Answer 11

medial is through the pronator and radial is supinator

Question 12

what two movements with resistance hurt the ME the most

Answer 12

flexion and pronation

Question 13

which is worse for UCL pain, breaking pitches or fast/change up

Answer 13

breaking pitches

Question 14

you may experience pain during late cocking and acceleration where?

Answer 14

medially

Question 15

during deceleration, you may experience pain where

Answer 15

posteriorly

Question 16

normal carrying angle in males and females

Answer 16

11 males 13 females

Question 17

what do firm end feels in flexion and extension mean

Answer 17

flexion osteophytes in coronoid
extension, osteo in olecranon

Question 18

in what ranges of motion can the UCL be palpated

Answer 18

50-70 degrees flexion

Question 19

what are the O and I of the UCL

Answer 19

O: medial epicondyle
I: sublime tubercle of the proximal medial ulna

Question 20

what is the test position for valgus testing

Answer 20

20-30 degrees elbow flexion in pronation to reduce false instability

Question 21

what is the difference in pain experienced with palpating medially and laterally on the olecranon

Answer 21

medially, possible UCL/VEO
laterally, olecranon stress fx

Question 22

what are the two test that sometimes need you to be under anesthesia to get results

Answer 22

the posterolateral rotary test and the lateral pivot shift test to see if radial head subluxes.

Question 23

what is the VEO test

Answer 23

valgus and prnation, with quick extension

Question 24

what is the milking and mod milking tests

Answer 24

for valgus,
milking is at 90 90 degrees and mod milking is taking from 90 degree flexion to 20 degree while pulling thumb to floor.

Question 25

what are the options for UCL-R

Answer 25

palmaris longus
gracilis
plantaris

Question 26

what is the possible difference in little league shoulder with medial, lateral and posterior elbow pain

Answer 26

posterior: osteophyte, apophysitis
medial: ME apophysitis
lateral: OCD capitellum