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SCS > SCS Study Guide- Emergency Medical Response > Flashcards

SCS Study Guide- Emergency Medical Response Flashcards

1
Q

rib contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: blow/trauma
exam: sharp pain with breathing, TTP, pain with compression
treatment: x-ray and RICE

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2
Q

rib fracture cause, exam and treatment

RTP

A

cause: blow/trauma
exam: sharp pain with breathing, crepitus and (+) tuning fork test
treatment: x-ray, RICE, bracing
RTP 1-2 months

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3
Q

sternum fracture cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: blow/impact,
exam: inc pain with deep inspiration and forced expiration
treatment: x-ray and check heart trauma

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4
Q

costochondral separation cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: blow to anteriolat thorax, twist or fall
exam: pain localized in junction oof cartilage and ribs, rib deformity
treatment: x-ray and RICE

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5
Q

pneumothorax

A

pain and difficulty breathing, anoxia,

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6
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

SOB, absence of breath sounds, cyanosis, distension of neck veins

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7
Q

hemothorax

A

pain, cyanosis, coughing frothy blood

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8
Q

heart contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: heart compression from trauma
exam: severe shock and chest pain arrythmias cause decrease in CO
treatment: ER, CPR

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9
Q

solar plexus injury cause, exam and treatment

A

wind knocked out, blow to sympathetic celiac plexus
exam: paralysis of diaphragm, difficulty breathing
treatment: bend knees, short inspirations and long expirations

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10
Q

hernia cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: weakened muscles, can be exacerbated by strain or direct blow
exam: superficial protrusion and pain with coughing
treatment: surgical

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11
Q

what type of hernia is most common in both men and women

A

men: inguinal hernia
women: femoral hernia

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12
Q

kidney contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: force to the back
exam: shock, N/V, hematuria, rigidity in muscles of the back
treatment: 24 hospital stay, urinate 2-3x after blow and look for blood

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13
Q

bladder contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: force to abdomen when bladder is full or intra-abdominal pressure during long distance running
exam: pain in lower abdomen, shock, nausea, vomiting, abdominal rigidity hematuria
urinate 2-3x and look for blood, cath, empty bladder before activity

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14
Q

if a bladder is ruptured, what will an athlete not be able to do

A

urinate

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15
Q

where can kidney refer pain

A

costovertebral angle and around trunk/abdomen

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16
Q

where can the bladder refer pain

A

lower trunk and upper thigh anteriorly

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17
Q

liver contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: truama to right side of abdomen
exam: hemorrhage and shock
treatment: immediate medial attention

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18
Q

where does the liver refer pain

A

R scap, shoulder substernal area

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19
Q

splenic rupture cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: fall or trauma to L quadrant of abdomen (risk of splenomegaly)
exam; shock abdominal rigidity NV
treatment: conservative treatment 1 week in hospital

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20
Q

kehr’s sign

A

splenic rupture pain down L shoulder and 1/3 arm

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21
Q

stomach/bowel/appendix cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: direct blow or deceleration
exam: progressively sick, decreased bowel sounds
treatment: conservative treatment with 1 week hospital

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22
Q

testicular contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: direct blow to testicles
exam: pain, NV, swelling
treatment: immediate medical

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23
Q

spermatic cord contusion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: testes revolving in scrotum from trauma
exam: testicular pain NV
treatment: ER

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24
Q

pelvic avulsion cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: intense muscle contraction and direct blow
exam: pain at attachment, limited WB, restricted mobiltiy in LE

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25
Q

burner/stinger cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: compression/traction to brachial plexus shoulder and head go in opposite direction
exam: burning or stinging between neck and shoulder, into hand. arm feels dead
treatment: 1st: can return when sxs gone, multiple episodes MD

26
Q

skull fracture cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: fall trauma
exam: unequal pupils, discoloration of eyes or behind the ears, loss of smell or sight, LOC,
treatment: EMS

27
Q

battle sign

A

bleeding, bruising or swelling behind the ear

28
Q

racoon eyes

A

basal skull fracture

29
Q

signs of shock

A

pale, clammy skin, rapid pulse, rapid breathing, low BP, dizziness, fainting and condusion/anxiety and cyanosis and chest pain

30
Q

treatment for shock

A

legs elevated, maintain body temp, apply direct pressure, ABC, CPR, AED call 911

31
Q

acclimatization happens when

A

5-10 days for heat

32
Q

what are some adaptations to acclimatization

A

decreased HR, RR, skin blood flow, decreased Na in sweat, inc blood volume and sweating

33
Q

what are the wet bulb globe temps

A

low <65
mod 65-73
high 73-82
very high 82

34
Q

at what temp do you cancel practice

A

over 82.4

35
Q

heat cramp signs, treatment and RTP

A

muscle cramps, damp skin (hot and moist), normal core body temp, normal BIP, inc HR, and exhaustion and fatigue
treatment: fluid, mild stretching, ice, lying down in cool enviro, after rest can return

36
Q

heat exhaustion signs, treatment and RTP

A

HA, NV, decreased appetite/thirst, fatigue, elevated core temp but <104, weak/rapid pulse, cool clammy skin, cramps, spasms, LOB/gait changes
treatment: bedrest cool room, IV, fluids and cold sponge

RTP: sxs free, MD clearance and acclimatization

37
Q

heat stroke signs, treatment and RTP

A

core temp over 104, hot/red/dry skin, pulse 160+, hysterical and psychotic, deep and shallow respirations, collapse/coma/death

exam: 911, ice bath and CWI ER ASAP

RTP: MD clearance, heat tolerance will be compromised

38
Q

initial frostbite signs and symptoms and treatment

A

blanching of skin, painless, becomes numb. usually no perm damage

rewarm with water or air

39
Q

superficial frostbite signs and symptoms and treatment

A

blanched or white with firm waxy feel
tissue underneath is soft and painful
blistered and purple

rewarm with warm water

40
Q

deep frostbite signs and symptoms and treatment

A

tissue feels solid, skin white to gray, eventually black

rewarm with medical enviro

41
Q

what is frostnip

A

superficial cooling without cellular damage

42
Q

what is chilblains

A

superficial ulcers of skin from repeated exposure to cold

43
Q

what are the 5 stages of hypothermia

A

-shivering
-apathy
-decreased consciousness
-decreased vitals
-death

44
Q

emergency care of hypothermia

A

remove wet clothes, keep dry, warm the victim, monitor vitals, breathe warm moist air and handle gently

45
Q

dehydration signs

A

increased thirst, dry sticky mouth, light headed and fatigue
impaired focus, decreased urine, dry skin, cannot sweat

46
Q

for dehydration a _____% water loss can lead to compromised physiologic function

A

1-2

47
Q

a loss of ___% can cause exertional heat illness

A

3

48
Q

proper hydration: how much 3 hours prior to exercise

A

17-20 oz

49
Q

every 10-20 min, how much hydration

A

7-10 oz

50
Q

hyponatremia

A

low sodium levels, overhydrated, CNS dysfunction, respiratory changes from pulmonary or cerebral edema

51
Q

what are the NCAA guidelines for preseason play

A

days 1-5: 1 practice/day, restricted equip
day 1+2: helmet only
day 3+4: helmets and shoulder pads
day 5: full pads
after 5 days: 2practices/day ok every other day

52
Q

acute exertional rhabdo cause, exam and treatment

A

sudden catabolic destruction of skeletal after intense exercise (esp in hot and humid or sickle cell)
gradual muscle weakness, swelling, pain, dark urine, 911

53
Q

altitude sickness adaptations

A

2-3 weeks needed to adjust
conservation of glucose, inc number mitochondria, inc hemoglobin formation and inc myoglobin

54
Q

Acute mountain sickness

A

HA, NV, sleep changes, dyspnea
within 6-12 hours arriving

55
Q

high altitude pulmonary edema

A

lungs accumulate small amounts of fluids, pulm edema
dyspnea, cough, HA, weakness, unconscious

lower altitude right away !

56
Q

high altitude cerebral edema

A

usually proceeded by AMS
mental dysfunction, neuro abnormalities (ataxia, loss of coordination)
lower altitude right away

57
Q

lightening safety: flash bang ratio

A

number of seconds from lightening flash until sound of thunder divided by 5:30 min should pass after last thunder/lightening

58
Q

ticks cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: lyme’ disease, Rocky mountain spotted
exam: fever HA, bull eye rash
treatment: remove tick with tweezers and antibiotics

59
Q

how long does a tick need to be attached for transfer of disease

A

36-48 hours

60
Q

proper fitted helmet

A

snug to cheek pads, (credit card between head and liner should feel resistance)
helmet covers base of skull
two finger width above eye
ear holes line up
three finger width from facemask
should not shift on head
chin strap secured

61
Q

fitting shoulder pads

A

shoulder width determines size
tip shoulder lined with lateral aspect of shoulder
deltoids should be covered by epaulets and cups
should be able to lift shoulders and arms above head
should not slide
straps should hold pads in place under arms
should not shift when putting on jersey

SCS (26 decks)

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