Electrolytes (k+)

Question 1

BMP is?

Answer 1

basic metabolic panel

Question 2

what is CMP?

Answer 2

complete metabolic panel

Question 3

BMP lab is?

Answer 3

blood test with info. about electrolytes: BUN, CO2, CR, glucose, Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca+,

Question 4

what are Liver indications?

Answer 4

Ca+, ALT/AST, bilirubin, albumin

Question 5

indication of CO2?

Answer 5

blood bicarbonate level

Question 6

electrolyte functions?

Answer 6

maintain H2O level
-balancing blood pH
-moving nutrients/wastes
-maintaing proper function of body’s muscles, heart, nereves

Question 7

what is hypovolemia?

Answer 7

Decrease in blood volume due to body fluid or blood loss.

Question 8

IF is?

Answer 8

interstitial fluid (fluid OUTSIDE cell)

Question 9

ICF is?

Answer 9

Intercellular fluid (INSIDE the cell)

Question 10

Plasma fluid type?

Answer 10

intravascular fluid

Question 11

which fluid compartment holds the most water?

Answer 11

intracellular space (67%)

Question 12

thirst response stimulated by?

Answer 12

lamina terminalis (near hypothalamus

Question 13

increase in serum osmolality leads to?

Answer 13

activates thirst (vasopressin)

Question 14

ADH released by?

Answer 14

posterior pituitary

Question 15

K+ range?

Answer 15

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 16

Na+ range?

Answer 16

136-145 mEq/L

Question 17

Ca+ level?

Answer 17

9-10.5 mg/dl

Question 18

Mg 2+ level?

Answer 18

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Question 19

diffusion is from ?

Answer 19

high to low concen.

Question 20

example of diffusion?

Answer 20

cell—>intravascular area

Question 21

example of active transport?

Answer 21

Na and K+ into/out of cells

Question 22

what is the largest intracellular electrolyte?

Answer 22

K+

Question 23

K+ function?

Answer 23

support transmission of elec. impulses of body’s nerves and muscles
-helps with heart conduction

Question 24

what can cause hypokalemia?

Answer 24

Metabolic alkalosis,
Excessive alcohol use,
Diabetic ketoacidosis,
Folic acid deficiency

Question 25

Folic acid deficiency is ?

Answer 25

lack of vit. B9 (for DNA/RNA synthesis, RBC production)

Question 26

most common cause of hypokalemia?

Answer 26

loss of K+ in kidneys or GI (ex. diuretics)

Question 27

S/E of hypokalemia ?

Answer 27

muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, constipation, fatigue

Question 28

severe hypokalemia s/e?

Answer 28

respiratory paralysis (loss of muscle function) paralytic ileus (obstruction in the intestine) hypotension rhabdomyolysis -CONSTIPATION -LETHARGY

Question 29

IV potatssium should not exceed?

Answer 29

40 mEq/L (rate 10-20)

Question 30

what food has the highest K+?

Answer 30

baked potato

Question 31

most common cause of hyperkalemia?

Answer 31

renal failure

Question 32

high k+ levels s/e?

Answer 32

cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis

Question 33

how to treat hyperkalemia?

Answer 33

renal failure: hemodialysis meds: calcium gluconate/diuretics -dietary changes -loop diuretics

Question 34

K+ is found in>

Answer 34

ICF

Question 35

what should the vital signs be for someone with HYPER-kalemia?

Answer 35

slow, irregular pulse, hypotension

Question 36

what are the VS for somone who has HYPO-kalemia?

Answer 36

weak irregular pulse, hypotension, respiratory distress, ECG changes

Question 37

S/E of hyper kalemia?

Answer 37

irritability, confusion, weakness, lack of reflexes, increased motility, diarrhea