fluid volume disorders Flashcards
what causes hypovolemia?
GI, burns, hemorrhage, diuretics
what are the sides and symptoms of hypovolemia?
tachycardia, hypotension, dry muscous membranes, weight loss, porr skin turgor
what causes hypervolemia?
HF, renal failure, excess Na/water intake
what are the side effects of hypervolemia?
hypertension, JVD, edema, crackles, weight gain
what is the tx of hypovolemia?
istonic IV fluids
what is the tx of hypervolemia?
diuretics, fluid restriction, low Na diet
what causes hyponaturemia?
SIADH (produces too much ADH-fluid rentention)
-too much fluid
-hypotonic IV fluids
what are the side effects/symptoms of hyponatremia?
confusion, seizures, nausea, muscle cramps
what is the treatment for hyponatremia?
fluid restriction, hypertonic saline (if bad),
what are the causes of hypernatremia?
water loss, diabetes, insipdus (peeing alot)
what are the s/s of hypernatremia?
thirst, dry membranes, retlessness, seizures
why can Hypernatremia causes seizures
no balance in brain–> H2O shifts out of brain–> brain cells shrink
what is the tx for hypernatremia?
hypotonic fluids,
hypokalemia is caused by?
vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics
s/s of hypokalemia?
muscle weakness, arrhythmias
what is the treament for hypokalemia?
oral K+, diet?
what is the cause of hyperkalemia?
renal failure, acidosis, potassium-sparing diuretics
S/s of hyperkalemia?
muscle cramps, cardiac arrest
what is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
insulin, calcium gluconate
