Electrophysiology WK5 L1

Question 1

WHAT IS ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL?

Question 2

WHAT IS THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT?

Answer 2

THW FLOW OF THE CHARGED PARTICLES FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER

Question 3

ARE LIVING CELLS POLARIZED?

Answer 3

YES

Question 4

WHAT IS THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL?

Answer 4

-70 mV WITH A NEGATIVE CHARGE ON THE INSIDE OF THE MEMBRANE WHEN THINGS ARE AT REST

Question 5

IS THE MEMBRANE VERY PERMIABLE TO K+ OR Na-?

Answer 5

K+

Question 6

WHAT DOES THE SODIUM (Na-) / POTASSIUM (K+) PUMP DO WHEN IT IS AT REST?

Answer 6

PUMPS PUT 3X Na- FOR EVERY 2X K+ IT BRINGS IN USING ATP

Question 7

WHAT IS LOCAL POTENITALS?

Answer 7

SMALL CHANGE IN VOLTAGE ALONG ONE SPOT IN THE MEMBRANE

Question 8

WHEN DOES LOCAL POTENTIALS OCCUR?

Answer 8

WHEN NEURONS ARE STIMULATED BY CHEMICALS - LIGHT - HEATS - MECHANICAL DISTURBANCES

Question 9

WHAT IS THE CHANGE IN VOLTAGE CALLED?

Answer 9

DEPOLARISATION

Question 10

WHAT IS DEPOLARISED?

Answer 10

MOVING TOWARDS 0 (EQUAL CHARGED) FROM A HIGHER CHARGE LEVEL

Question 11

WHAT IS POLARISED?

Answer 11

MOVING AWAY FROM 0 (EQUAL CHARGE) TO A HIGHER CHARGE

Question 12

HOW DOES DEPOLARISATION DECREASE POTENTIAL?

Answer 12

SODIUM CHANNELS OPENING SO SODIUM CAN CROSS THE MEMBRANE FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION

Question 13

WHEN ARE THE SODIM CHANNELS CLOSED?

Answer 13

AT REST

Question 14

WHAT IS ACTION POTENTIAL?

Answer 14

CHANGE IN THE VOLTAGE INT HE MEMBRANE AT A LOCAL SPOT

Question 14

WHAT IS ACTION POTENTIAL?

Answer 14

CHANGE IN THE VOLTAGE IN THE MEMBRANE AT A LOCAL SPOT CAUSING DEPOLARIZATION AND REPOLARIZATION

Question 15

WHAT IS THE THRESHOLD POINT?

Answer 15

-55 mV

Question 16

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE MEET THE THRESHOLD VOLTAGE?

Answer 16

LOTS OF SODIUM CHANNELS OPEN AND MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF SODIUM RUSH INTO THE CELL MAKING THE CELL MORE POSITIVELY CHARGED

Question 17

WHAT IS REPOLARIZATION?

Answer 17

WHEN THE POTASSIUM CHANNELS SLOWLY OPEN RELEASING POTASSIUM OUT OF THE CELL WHICH MAKES THE CELL MORE NEGATIVELY CHARGED

Question 18

WHAT IS HYPER-POLARIZATION?

Answer 18

WHEN THE POTASSIUM CHANNELS RELEASE SO MUCH SODIUM OUT OF THE CELL LEAVING THE CELL MORE NEGATIVELY CHARGED THAN IT WAS PREVIOUSLY

Question 19

WHAT IS THE REFRACTORY PERIOD?

Answer 19

THE PERIOD OF RESISTANCE TO STIMULATION (COOL DOWN PERIOD BETWEEN ACTION POTENTIALS)

Question 20

WHAT IS THE ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD?

Answer 20

PERIOD WHERE THE SODIUM CHANNELS CLOSE DURING DEPOLARIZATION AND WILL NOT START AN ACTION POTENTIAL NO MATTER HOW MUCH STIMULI IS GIVEN

Question 21

WHAT IS THE RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD?

Answer 21

STIMULUS CAN CREATE AN ACTION POTENTIAL IF THE POTASSIUM CHANNELS ARE OPEN

Question 22

WHAT IS AN INHIBITRY SYNAPSE?

Answer 22

WHEN CHLORIDE ANIONS MOVE INTO THE CELL MAKING IT MORE NEGATIVELY CHARGED AND HYPERPOLARIZING THE CELL

Question 23

WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF CESSATION OF SIGNAL

Answer 23

DIFFUSION - ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION - REUPTAKE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER

Question 24

WHAT IS DIFFUSION?

Answer 24

SOME OF THE NEURTOTRANSMITTER MOLECULES DIFUSE AWAY FROM SYNAPTIC CLEFT

Question 25

WHAT IS ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION?

Answer 25

ENZYMES BREAK DOWN NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Question 26

WHAT IS REUPTAKE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS?

Answer 26

MANY NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE ACTIVELY TRANSPORTED BACKT O THE PRESYNAPTIC NEURON BY ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 27

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS?

Answer 27

ACETYCHLOLINE - AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS - MONOAMINES - NEUROPEPTIDES

Question 28

WHAT IS ACETYCHLOLINE?

Answer 28

NEURO TRANSMITTERS FOR THE MUSCLES AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 29

WHAT ARE AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS?

Answer 29

NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE BRAIN - EXCITATORY (GLUTAMATE) AND INHIBITORY (GABBA)

Question 30

WHAT ARE MONOAMINES?

Answer 30

MODIFIED AMINO ACIDES

Question 31

WHAT ARE NEUROPEPTIDES?

Answer 31

PROTEIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM