Elizabeth I: Society, The Poor & Rebellion

Question 1

What percentage of people lived in poverty?

Answer 1

10% of rural
20% of urban

Question 2

Which members of the nobility led the Northern Rebellion?

Answer 2

Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland

Question 3

What was the Poor Law of 1576?

Answer 3

First attempt to create a national system of poor relief to be financed and administered locally

Question 4

Where did food riots take place in the 1590s?

Answer 4

London, Kent, Hampshire and Norfolk

Question 5

What was a vagabond?

Answer 5

A person with no home or job who wandered from place to place

Question 6

When and what was the Statute of Artificers?

Answer 6

• 1568
• A national attempt to sort out the problem of high wages

Question 7

When was the subsistance crisis?

Answer 7

1595-1596

Question 8

What happened to the gap between rich and poor during Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 8

It widened

Question 9

What was a consequence of the Vagabond Act?

Answer 9

Migration of poor from rural to urban areas

Question 10

How many Dukes were there in England and who were they?

Answer 10

4 – Somerset, Northumberland, Suffolk and Norfolk

Question 11

What had the population risen from and to during Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 11

3 million to 4 million

Question 12

In what years were there rebellions in southern Ireland?

Answer 12

1569-73
1579-82

Question 13

Which unpaid people did Elizabeth rely upon to administer the law in local areas?

Answer 13

Justices of the Peace

Question 14

What was Elizabeth proclaimed in 1560?

Answer 14

Supreme Governor of the Church of Ireland

Question 15

Who had to raise the rates for, and administer the 1601 Poor Law?

Answer 15

Individual parishes

Question 16

What impacts had reforms to the church had on poor relief? - Elizabeth I

Answer 16

The reforms to the church through the dissolution of monasteries and other religious institutions had meant that many institutions offering poor relief had been lost, meaning alternative means were needed.

Question 17

When was the first Poor Law?

Answer 17

1576

Question 18

When was the final Poor Law passed?

Answer 18

1601

Question 19

Describe the treatment of the undeserving poor. When was an act passed to add branding to the punishments for this group?

Answer 19

• The undeserving poor continued to be treated poorly, with it remaining to be the case that the poor would be whipped.
• In 1572, an act was passed to add branding to the punishments for this group.

Question 20

What was the significance of the 1597 Poor Law in terms of punishing the undeserving poor?

Answer 20

• Set down that first time offenders from the undeserving poor would be whipped and returned to their parish, with repeated offenders being executed.

Question 21

When did the Irish rebel (led by Tyrone) against the English, later to be exploited by the Spanish?

Answer 21

Tyrone led an Irish rebellion in 1595 against the English, with this later attempted to be exploited by the Spanish in 1596 by involving the Irish in an armada.

Question 22

When did the Battle of Yellow Ford occur? What was the outcome of this/impacts of this?

Answer 22

• 1598
• Irish rebel victory
• Tyrone took control of much of Ireland ‘beyond the Pale’ and threatened to establish an independent and Catholic Ireland.

Question 23

Who replaced Essex as the Lord Lieutenant in Ireland? What action did they take?

Answer 23

• Lord Mountjoy
• Sought to reassert Crown control of Ireland by driving back Tyrone’s forces

Question 24

When did the English triumph in Ireland under the command of Mountjoy? When did Mountjoy and Tyrone conclude a peace?

Answer 24

• Mountjoy triumphed over the Irish on Christmas Eve 1601
• Later agreed a peace deal in March 1603.

Question 25

When did the Northern Rebellion begin? What possible motives were there for this rebellion?

Answer 25

- Began on the 9th November 1569 - Motivated by the opposition to Elizabeth’s religious agenda in the North - Rebellion’s leaders felt as though they had been deprived of political positions in controlling Northern government, stoking anger.

Question 26

What actions did the rebels in the Northern Rebellion take around Durham and the North East at the start of the rebellion?

Answer 26

Rebels involved in the Northern Rebellion marched on Durham, seizing the city and hearing mass in the Cathedral here.

Question 27

Where did the Northern Rebellion rebels advance to after Durham? What action was taken here?

Answer 27

Advanced from Durham to York, camping around the city but never making any attempt to capture it.

Question 28

When did the Northern Rebellion rebels take Barnard Castle? What action followed after this? -

Answer 28

- 14th December 1569. - The rebels however decided to disband when hearing that a Crown force was moving north and fled into Scotland.

Question 29

When did a portion of the Northern Rebellion restart following it initially being disbanded in December 1569? Where was this?

Answer 29

January 1570 after it initially being disbanded, with this taking place in Cumberland.

Question 30

When did Elizabeth reinstate the Council of the North? Who controlled this and what advantages/disadvantages were there with this?

Answer 30

- 1572, - Under the control of the Earl of Huntingdon. - The Earl was a puritan who could impose religious reforms on the heavily Catholic North - He was an outsider without local ties or support.

Question 31

How many rebels were ordered to be executed following the Northern Rebellion? How many were actually executed?

Answer 31

Elizabeth ordered the execution of 700 rebels following the Northern Rebellion, when in actual fact only 450 were executed.

Question 32

How many rebels marched on Bramham Moor as part of the Northern Rebellion?

Answer 32

5400