Henry VIII : Foreign Policy Flashcards
(38 cards)
What treaty was renewed at the beginning of Henry’s reign?
Treaty of Etaples in 1510
Which countries were involved in the Peace of Cambrai in 1529?
France and the Holy Roman Empire
How much money did Henry spend on French campaigns from 1509-1525, and then by the end of his reign?
£1.4 million
£3.5 million
Who was regent of Scotland from 1515 to 1524?
Duke of Albany
What meeting between England and France took place in 1520?
Field of the Cloth of Gold
What helped Wolsey to emerge as a leading diplomat in Western Europe?
Treaty of London, 1518
What was Henry’s policy towards Scotland from 1544 called?
The ‘Rough Wooing’
What treaty was signed with Scotland in 1543, following the 1542 invasion?
The Treaty of Greenwich
At which battle was James IV killed in September 1513?
Battle of Flodden
Who was King of France, and Henry’s enemy?
Francis I
Which French port did Henry capture in 1544?
Boulogne
What did Henry’s military adventures result in?
- Liquidated assets to pay for it
- Renegotiated French pension lost
- Tournai sold back to the French
With whom did Henry ally during his campaign in France in the early 1520s?
Charles V
When was Henry VIII’s flagship Mary Rose sunk?
1545 during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight
Key dates for Irish foreign policy
1534 - Major rebellion after Earl of Kildare’s dismissal
1539: Gaelic invasion of the Pale
1541: Government regained control of the Pale
When did the Pope issue a Bull against Henry VIII?
1538
When did Henry VIII marry Catherine of Aragon and what were the inital and long term permutations of it?
- 11th June 1509.
- Initally it personally and diplomatically successful
- By the mid 1520s Henry regretted a marriage which would not produce a healthy male heir.
What 2 events in 1536 reduced pressure upon Henry?
- Catherine of Aragon died, creating the potential for the renewal of an alliance with Emperor Charles V.
- Charles and France began fighting again, meaning that Henry was no longer the focus of diplomatic events.
What 2 events in 1538 reapplied pressure upon Henry? - Foreign Policy (1529-47)
- Charles and Francis signed the Treaty of Nice, which stopped their own fighting and agreed to sever connections to England.
- Papal Bull against Henry
When did Henry marry Anne of Cleves? Why did he choose to do this?
- 1539
- Reduced his perceived isolation from other foreign powers.
- Acted as an insurance policy to create foreign alliances.
When did Henry attempt to invade Scotland for the first time in the 1540s? What battle was Henry successful in during this invasion?
- Henry attempted to invade Scotland in 1542.
- Henry was victorious at Solway Moss.
How was Scotland weakened during the 1542 invasion by Henry? How did Henry fail to capitalise upon this?
- Killed James V, leaving the one week old Mary QoS as his heir.
- He turned his military attentions to France, only pressuring Scotland diplomatically after this.
When was the Treaty of Greenwich signed and what was the outcome?
-1543
- Betrothed Edward to MQS
- However, the Scottish Parliament refused to ratify the treaty and hence it was never approved.
In what year did French troops strengthen Scotland and the Battle of Ancrum Moor take place? What was the outcome of this battle?
French support for Scotland and the Battle of Ancrum Moor took place in 1545, with Henry’s forces actually losing the Battle.
