Henry VIII: Religious Change Flashcards
(36 cards)
What was Henry VIII’s motive to reform the Church?
The Pope refused to issue the annulment of the marriage
What survey did Cromwell carry out to establish the wealth of the Church in 1535?
Valor Ecclesiasticus
Which rebellions were strongly motivated by Henry’s religious reform?
Lincolnshire Rising & Pilgrimage of Grace
When was Henry excommunicated by Pope Paul III? What does this suggest?
- 1538
- Church had become more Protestant in structure
What provoked Sir Thomas More’s resignation in 1532?
The requirement to acknowledge Henry’s status as head of the Church through the submission of the clergy
What happened to the annates formerly paid to the Pope in November 1534?
The Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths being paid to the Crown
Who was Thomas Cranmer?
Archbishop of Canterbury and protestant reformer
What were the 4 changes to doctrine?
1536 Ten Articles
1537 Bishops’ Book
1539 Six Articles Act
1543 King’s Book
What role did Henry grant Cromwell in 1535 and what impacts did this have on his power?
- Vicegerent in Spirituals
- Second in rank to the King
- Outranked Archbishops and Bishops meaning he had considerable power over the Church
When were the clergy collectively accused and also pardoned of praemunire?
- Accused: December 1530
- Pardoned: 1531in return for a fine of £120,000
What did the Ten Articles of 1536 propose?
Three sacraments, baptism, penance and Eucharist were retained, confession was praised
How did Henry become the Supreme head of the Church?
The Act of Supremacy, November 1534
When was the last person burned for denying transubstantiation?
1546, Anne Askew
How can Henry VIII be said to have encouraged Renaissance ideas?
- Encouraged thinkers such as Thomas More and Erasmus to advance renaissance and humanist ideas
- Commissioned effigies on his parents’ tombs in the style of renaissance arts.
Who was the main humanist educator in England? - Religion
- John Colet
- Founded St.Pauls School
Name the 3 main weaknesses of the Church during Henry VIII’s reign
- Corruption
- Anticlericalism
- Decline of monasticism.
Who is an example of how corruption can be seen as a weakness of the Church?
Offences such as…
- Pluralism (receiving profits of more than one office)
- Absenteeism (not attending to clerical roles)
- Simony (the purchase of offices)
… were rife
- E.g Cardinal Wolsey.
How can anticlericalism be seen as a weakness of the church?
- Anticlericalism is the opposition to the church’s role in state affairs.
- Seen through individuals such as Cardinal Wolsey, Bishop Foxe and Thomas Cranmer.
Which 2 Catholic’s were in Henry VIII’s political circle due to their opposition to Protestant reform?
- Sir Thomas More
- Bishop Fisher
How did Henry alter the structure of the Church in terms of its dioceses?
Created 6 new dioceses which would be overseen by a Bishop in an attempt to improve the administration and effectiveness of the Church as a whole.
How did Henry maintain the structure and administration of the Church?
- Maintained that spiritual jurisdiction remained in the hands of bishops and archbishops
- Maintained the important role that parish churches played in communities and daily life.
When was the First Act of the Dissolution of the Monasteries passed? What did this determine?
- 1536
- Determining that all religious houses with an annual income of less than £200 should be dissolved.
- This was supposed to preserve the quality of larger houses as smaller monasteries had let standards drop.
When was the Second Act of the Dissolution of the Monasteries passed? What did this determine?
- 1539
- Determining that all religious houses would be dissolved following the smaller ones being dissolved 3 years earlier.
When were the First Set of Royal Injunctions issued? What did these determine?
- Decreed in 1536
- Stated that the importance of pilgrimage would be abolished and that the number of holy days would be reduced.
