Embryo (04.06) Heart Development

Question 1

between what days does the heart tube formation take place?

Answer 1

18-22

Question 2

the heart development begins within the ___ ___-

Answer 2

cardiogenic mesoderm

Question 3

angioblasts form cell clusters, small cavities begin to form in the islands lined with endothelial cells creating channels that fuse to form vessels

Answer 3

vasculogenesis

Question 4

what is the first sign of heart formation

Answer 4

a solid horseshoe-shaped endothelial cord forms within the cardiogenic mesoderm

Question 5

at what week does the endothelial cord canalize?

Answer 5

4th week

Question 6

___ ___ ___ created primordial heart tube

Answer 6

lateral body forming

Question 7

the ____ sides of the horse-shoe-shaped endothelial tube fold in ventrally and medially, approaching each other at midline to fuse, forming a single ___ ___ ___

Answer 7

• lateral

- primordial heart tube

Question 8

the septum transvedsum (diaphragm) moves from being ____ to the developing heart to being ____ to it

Answer 8

• anterior

- posterior

Question 9

the umbilical veins are _____

Answer 9

deoxygenated

Question 10

the oxygen to the fetus starts with the ___ ___

Answer 10

umbilical vein

Question 11

the umbilical arteries carry what?

Answer 11

100% deoxygenated blood

Question 12

the transverse pericardial sinus is formed when the ____ _____ degenerates

Answer 12

dorsal mesocardium

Question 13

what primitive chamber(s) form the right ventricle

Answer 13

caudal portion of bulbus cordis

Question 14

what primitive chamber(s) form the left venticle

Answer 14

primordial ventricle

Question 15

what primitive chamber(s) form the right and left auricles and the portions of the atria?

Answer 15

primordial atrium

Question 16

subdivisions of atriums

Answer 16

auricles

Question 17

what primitive chamber(s) form the coronary sinus and sinus venarum

Answer 17

sinus venosus

Question 18

between what days is the cardiac loop formation?

Answer 18

22-28

Question 19

as the heart folds, its cranial end will shift ____ and ____ and to the ____

Answer 19

• ventrally
• caudally
• right

Question 20

as the heart folds, its caudal end will shift _____ and ____

Answer 20

• dorsally

- superiorly

Question 21

what becomes the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta (outflow of heart)

Answer 21

truncus arteriosus

Question 22

what is the circulation through the primordial heart?

Answer 22

• sinus venosus
• primordial atrium
• atrioventricular (AV) canal
• left ventricle (primordial ventricle)
• interventricular (IV) foramen
• right ventricle
• conus cordis
• truncus arteriosus
• aortic sac
• pharyngeal aa
• dorsal aortae

Question 23

between what weeks is the partitioning of the heart?

Answer 23

4th through 7th

Question 24

endothelial cells near the AV junction REVERT to _____ ____, invade the underlying cardiac jelly, and ____. this causes the endocardium to bulge out into the ____ ___ forms its dorsal and ventral walls

Answer 24

• mesenchymal state
• proliferate
• AV canal

Question 25

dorsal and ventral ___ ___ develop and fuse, forming an ____ ___ that divides the AV canal into right and left AV canals

Answer 25

- endocardial cushions | - atrioventricular septum

Question 26

two septa fuse together to form the ___ ___

Answer 26

interatrial septum

Question 27

which septum develops first?

Answer 27

septum prium (then septum secundum)

Question 28

septum secundum develops second and develops in the _____ wall/septum

Answer 28

primary

Question 29

the septum primum develops form the roof of the ____ ___ as a thin, moon-shaped membrane

Answer 29

primordial atrium

Question 30

septum primum grows inferiorly to fuse with the ____ ____. the opening between the inferior edge of the septum and the cushions is the ___ ___

Answer 30

- endocardial cushions | - foramen primum

Question 31

septum primum fuses with endocardial cushions and ___ ___ gradually closes off. as this happens, holes are forming in the _____ ___ through ____. these holes will unite to form the ___ ____

Answer 31

- foramen primum - septum primum - apoptosis - foramen secundum

Question 32

as holes in the septum primum coalesce to form the foramen secumdum, a thicker ____ ___ develops from the roof of the primordial ____, slightly to the right of septum primum

Answer 32

- septum secundum | - atrium

Question 33

septum secundum grows inferiorly and develops an opening called the ____ ____

Answer 33

foramen ovale

Question 34

in the primordial heart, entering blood passes from R to L atrium through ____ ___ and ___ ___

Answer 34

- foramen ovale | - foramen secum

Question 35

what is closed directly after birth

Answer 35

septum primum (shunt is closed after first inspiration)

Question 36

what is the remnant of the foramen ovale called after birth (closes off)

Answer 36

fossa ovalis

Question 37

the MUSCULAR portion of the inter ventricular septum grows ____ toward the atrioventricular septum and ____ fuse with it

Answer 37

- cranially | - doesnt

Question 38

the MEMBRANOUS portion of the inter ventricular septum is derived from the ____ of the ___ ___ tissue

Answer 38

- mesenchyme | - endocardial cushion tissue

Question 39

what is the most common congenital heart defect?

Answer 39

ventricular septal defect

Question 40

failure of the IV septum to completely form | most spontaneously close in the first year

Answer 40

ventricular septal defect

Question 41

ventricular septal defect can involve both membranous or muscular portions but in most cases the ___ portion is the one that fails to form

Answer 41

membranous

Question 42

when the aorticopulmonary divides outflow tract unequally, resulting in stenosis of pulmonary trunk and an overriding aorta

Answer 42

tetralogy of fallot

Question 43

between what weeks does the sinus venosus development occur?

Answer 43

7-8

Question 44

what are the three paired veins of the sinus venosus

Answer 44

- vitelline - umbilical - common cardinal

Question 45

originally, the sinus venosus opens directly into the ___ ___ wall of the ___ ___

Answer 45

- central dorsal | - primordial atrium

Question 46

opening of the sinus venosus into primordial atrium shifts to the ____

Answer 46

right (future R atrium)

Question 47

tetralogy of fallout can cause what 4 things?

Answer 47

- interventricular septal defect - hypertrophy of right ventricle - overriding aorta - pulmonary stenosis ****International House Of PancakeS****

Question 48

what does the RIGHT horn of the sinus venosus become?

Answer 48

sinus venarum of right ventricle

Question 49

what does the LEFT horn of the sinus venosus become

Answer 49

coronary sinus

Question 50

the smooth portion of the inner wall of the LEFT atrium is formed by what?

Answer 50

pulmonary veins

Question 51

what are the three ducts of the fetal circulation that we need to know?

Answer 51

- ductus arteriosus (become ligamentum arteriosum) - ductus venosus (becomes ligamentum venosum) - valve of foramen ovale (becomes fossa ovale)