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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) > Gross (04.20) Thorax, Lungs & Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

Gross (04.20) Thorax, Lungs & Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

the thorax mainly acts as a ____

A

conduit for vessels

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2
Q

anterior landmark for distinction of inferior and superior mediastinum

A

sternal angle (2nd rib)

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3
Q

the aortic arch is ____ to sternal angle

A

superior

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4
Q

what are the three cavities of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • 2 pleural cavities

- media stinum

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5
Q

the manubrium has a clavicular notch for what joint?

A

sternoclavivular joint

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6
Q

the body of the sternum joins the ___ at the sternal angle

A

manubrium

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7
Q

lowest point of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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8
Q

the head of each ribs articulate with 2 _____ ____ and 1 ____ and is found posteriorly

A
  • vertebral bodies

- disc (intervertebral)

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9
Q

the tubercle of ribs articulate with 1 ____ process

A

transverse

*is used for stabilization

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10
Q

the part of the body of ribs with the greatest curvature

A

angle

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11
Q

formed on ribs by intercostal v, a, and n

*important to keep in order (think VANS)

A

costal groove

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12
Q

the pectoral regions are composed of what two things?

A
  • secretory glands

- superficial fascia

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13
Q

the internal thoracic a goes from ___ to ____ intercostal spaces

A

2-4

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14
Q

lymphatics of the pectoral region drain what two nodes?

A
  • parasternal

- axillary

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15
Q

what intercostal nerves from the pectoral region carry cutaneous (GS) innervation

A

-lateral and anterior of 4-6th intercostal nn

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16
Q

what intercostal nerves from the pectoral region carry cutaneous (GS) innervation

A

-lateral and anterior of 4-6th intercostal nn

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17
Q

pectoral region is a region of mm attachment between ____ ___ and ___ ___

A
  • upper limb

- anterior chest

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18
Q

m of pectoral region that is divided into clavicular and sternocostal heads

A

pectoralis major

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19
Q

the pec minor m is enveloped in ____ ____

A

clavipectoral fascia

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20
Q

____ intercostal mm have fibers that go like hands into pockets

A

external

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21
Q

____ intercostal mm have fibers that are perpendicular to hands going into pockets

A

internal

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22
Q

the _____ intercostal mm are the deepest of the three

A

innermost

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23
Q

____ m are located deep and span two or more intercostal spaces

A

subcostal

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24
Q

m that looks like a fan and is attached to body and xiphoid process of sternum

A

transversus thoracis

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25
what two mm are responsible for inspiration? raising the ribs
- serratus posterior superior | - external intercostal
26
what mm are depressors of the ribs?
- internal intercostal - innermost intercostal - serratus posterior inferior
27
the VAN is in the intercostal groove between what 2 mm?
- internal intercostal | - innermost intercostal
28
____ nerve, artery, and vein are located just ABOVE each rib
collateral
29
____ nerve, artery, and vein are located just ABOVE each rib
collateral
30
at the ___ of the rib there is _____ between the intercostal VAN and collateral VAN
- angle | - anastomoses
31
____ pleura is very sensitive to pain
parietal (via intercostal and phrenic nerves)
32
what are the true ribs?
1-7
33
what are the false ribs?
8-12
34
what are the floating ribs
11 and 12
35
both layers of pleura (visceral and parietal) are continuous with one another where?
root of the lung (closer to mediastinum)
36
pathological fluid that may fill the pleural cavity
effusion
37
pleural effusions are visible on ___ ___
chest films (can obscure lung in film)
38
the pleural cavities are ___ cavities
potential
39
the pleural cavities are ___ cavities
potential
40
accumulation of AIR in pleural cavity that collapses the lung due to its OWN ELASTICITY
Pneumothorax
41
accumulation of BLOOD in pleural cavity that may cause adhesions and INFECTIONS
hemothorax
42
inflammation of the pleura usually leads to formation of ___ ___ and can produce exquisite ___ relative to PARIETAL pleura
- pleural adhesions | - pain
43
aspiration of fluids on by invading the midaxillary line in between ribs SIX or SEVEN
thoracentesis (pleural tap)
44
during a thoracentesis, if a needle is inserted in ICS 8 or 9 what may happen?
it could pierce spleen, diaphragm, or liver
45
the ____ lung has 3 lobes
right (upper, middle, lower)
46
the ___ lung has 2 lobes
left
47
fissures on both lungs
oblique (major) fissure
48
the horizontal fissure (minor) is on the ___ lung only
right (makes sense bc it has another lobe)
49
the horizontal fissure (minor) is on the ___ lung only
right (makes sense bc it has another lobe)
50
connects lung to mediastimun
root of the lungs
51
the root of the lungs consist of what two things?
- bronchi | - pulmonary vessels
52
the inferior sleeve of the root of the lungs is mostly ___ and collapsed, contains only a few lymph vessels which is termed the ____ ___
- empty | - pulmonary ligament
53
the trachea splits into two ____ ____
primary (main) bronchi
54
the primary bronchi split into 2 (left) or 3 (right) ____ ____
secondary (lobar) bronchi
55
the secondary bronchi split into 8-10 ___ ____
tertiary (segmental) bronchi
56
the sympathetic trunks are ______ and contribute to anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses. it is responsible for ___ the bronchioles
- paravertebral | - dilation
57
the vagus n passes ___ to the root of the lungs. it contributes to the anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses. it is responsible for ___ the bronchioles
- posteriorly | - constriction
58
n that passes anteriorly to root of the lungs and is closely applied to pericardial sac
phrenic nn
59
run w the phrenic nn and are branches of the internal thoracic aa and brachiocephalic vv
pericardicophrenic vessels
60
aa that supplies nutrients to bronchi and lungs
bronchial aa
61
aa that supplies nutrients to bronchi and lungs
bronchial aa
62
lymph drains from lungs via ____ nodes and R/L _____ trunks
- tracheobronchial | - bronchomediastinal trunks
63
broad central partition separating 2 pleural cavities
mediastinum
64
4 smaller regions of the mediastinum
- superior - inferior anterior - inferior middle - inferior posterior
65
the mediastinum extends from the ___ ___ to the ____
- thoracic inlet | - diaphragm
66
the fibrous portion of the fibrous sac is attached to ____ inferiorly
diaphragm *this is the outter part that is very strong (fibrous and protective)
67
the serous portion of the fibrous sac is divided into ___ and ____ layers
- parietal | - visceral (is our epicardium)
68
the pericardium encloses the heart and is pierced by the roots of what 8 vessels?
- SVC - IVC - aorta - pulmon trunk - 4 pulmon veins
69
the pericardium encloses the heart and is pierced by the roots of what 8 vessels?
- SVC - IVC - aorta - pulmon trunk - 4 pulmon veins
70
located inside the pericardial sac that is a potential space btw serous and parietal layers and contains only a small amount of serous fluid
pericardial cavity
71
accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity
pericardial effusion
72
results in the compression of the heart and is common in conjunction with congestive heart failure
pericardial effusion
73
arteriole bleeding into pericardial cavity leads to ___ ___ which is compression of the heart and roots of great vessles
-cardiac tamponade

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) (15 decks)

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