Histo (04.17) Respiratory System

Question 1

the respiratory system consists of paired ___ and a series of ____ to and form them

Answer 1

• lungs

- passageways

Question 2

what are the three principle functions of the respiratory system

Answer 2

• air conduction
• air filtration
• gas exchange

Question 3

what re the the two other functions of the respiratory system

Answer 3

• speech (phonation)

- olfactory sensation

Question 4

air passing through the larynx and is used for speech

Answer 4

speech (phonation)

Question 5

air passing over the olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavities carries stimuli for sense of smell

Answer 5

olfactory sensation

Question 6

what two things compose the functional division of the respiratory system

Answer 6

• conducting division

- respiratory division

Question 7

what all composes the conducting division of the respiratory system

Answer 7

• nose
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles

Question 8

what all composes the respiratory division of the respiratory system

Answer 8

• respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts
• alveolar sacs
• alveoli

Question 9

has lots of branching to terminal bronchioles

Answer 9

conducting division

Question 10

where gas exchange takes place, respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs to alveoli

Answer 10

respiratory division

Question 11

first part of the respiratory division

Answer 11

respiratory bronchioles

Question 12

pulmonary blood vessels (coming from the right side of the heart) enter the lung with the ____ and branch as the follow the ___ ___

Answer 12

• bronchi

- bronchiole tree

Question 13

the pulmonary blood vessels end up with the __ ___ in contact with the ____ (primary site of gas exchange)

Answer 13

• pulmonary capillaries

- alveoli

Question 14

the air is conditioned as it passes through the ___ ___ of air passages

Answer 14

conducting portion

Question 15

conditioning the air means doing what three things

Answer 15

• warming
• moistening
• removal of particulate materials

Question 16

____ and ____ ____ play significant role in conditioning, as these secretions moisten the air, trap particles, and prevents the dehydration of the epithelium

Answer 16

• mucus

- serous secretions

Question 17

the mucous comes from what two places?

Answer 17

• globet cells

- mucous secreting glands

Question 18

____ from respiratory epithelium sweep the mucous with the trapped particulate matter toward the ___ to be swallowed typically

Answer 18

• cilia

- pharynx

Question 19

____ from respiratory epithelium sweep the mucous with the trapped particulate matter toward the ___ to be swallowed typically

Answer 19

• cilia

- pharynx

Question 20

type of mucosa that is ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium which can contain a number of different types of cells which all rest on the thick basement membrane

Answer 20

respiratory epithelium

Question 21

three types of respiratory epithelium that rest on the thick basement membrane

Answer 21

• ciliated columnar cells
• goblet cells
• basal cells

Question 22

tall columnar cells with cilia that project into the overlying mucous

Answer 22

ciliarted columnar cells

Question 23

stem cells from which all other cell types arise

Answer 23

basal cells

Question 24

loose connective tissue, contains blood vessels which warms air, can contain mucous glands many with serous demilunes, these glands supplement the goblet cell secretions

Answer 24

lamina propria

Question 25

connective tissue slightly denser than the connective tissue of the lamina propria, contains blood vessels that may contain many glands

Answer 25

submucosa

Question 26

composed of connective tissue that binds component to adjacent structures

Answer 26

advetitia

Question 27

another term for nostrils

Answer 27

external nares

Question 28

another term for internal nares

Answer 28

choanae

Question 29

the pharynx connects what to what?

Answer 29

-nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus

Question 30

the pharynx is a passageway for ___ and ___

Answer 30

- food (stratified squamous epithelium) | - air (respiratory epithelium)

Question 31

what type of epithelium composes the nasopharynx?

Answer 31

ciliated pseudo stratified columnar

Question 32

what type of epithelium composes the oropharynx

Answer 32

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 33

what type of epithelium composes the laryngopharynx

Answer 33

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 34

serves as the organ for speech

Answer 34

larynx

Question 35

although most of the larynx is covered with ____ epithelium, the luminal surface of the vocal cords are covered with _____ epithelium

Answer 35

- respiratory | - nonkeratinized strat squamous

Question 36

parts of the larynx that are made out of hyaline catilage

Answer 36

- thyroid | - cricoid

Question 37

parts of the larynx made out of elastic cartilage

Answer 37

- epiglottis - cuneiform - corniculate

Question 38

males have ___ and ____ vocal cords which create lower pitch as will vibrate more slowly

Answer 38

- longer | - thicker

Question 39

what parts of the trachea separate the submucosa from the adventitia

Answer 39

- tracheal cartilages | - trachealis m

Question 40

the ____ main bronchus is much shorter, wider, and more vertical than the other so objects are more likely to get ____

Answer 40

- right | - aspirated

Question 41

the ____ main bronchus is much shorter, wider, and more vertical than the other so objects are more likely to get ____

Answer 41

- right | - aspirated

Question 42

the bronchi initially have the same ___ structure as the trachea, but as the bronchi branch and become smaller there is more ____ m

Answer 42

- wall | - smooth

Question 43

alveolar surface epithelial cells that line 95% of the alveolar surface

Answer 43

type 1

Question 44

alveolar surface discharge called surfactant. cover 5%

Answer 44

type 2

Question 45

known as "dust" cells that can be found in the connective tissue of septum and in the air space of alveoli; phagocytize inhaled particulate matter and RBCs

Answer 45

alveolar macrophages

Question 46

compose the wall of capillary cells

Answer 46

endothelial cells

Question 47

what three things compose the blood-air barrier?

Answer 47

- surface lining and cytoplasm of alveolar cells - fused basal membrane laminae - cytoplasm of endothelial cells