Embryo Digestive System and Respiratory Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Primary Tissues of the digestive tube are derived from the _______
A
- endoderm
2
Q
Connective and muscular tissue covering are derived from the ______
A
- splanchnic mesoderm
3
Q
A portion of the endoderm-lined yolk sac cavity forms the ________
A
- primitive gut
4
Q
The primitive gut is formed as a result of ______ and _______ folding
A
- longitudinal and transverse
5
Q
The cephalic part of the primitive gut forms the ______
A
- foregut
6
Q
The caudal part of the primitive gut forms the ________
A
- hindgut
7
Q
The midgut of the primitive gut remains temporally connected to the yolk sac by means of the _________
A
- vitelline duct or yolk stalk
8
Q
At the cranial most end of the foregut, a _______ develops
A
- stomodeum
9
Q
The _______ extends from the oral opening to the buccopharyngeal membrane
A
- stomodeum
10
Q
At the caudal end of the hindgut an ectodermal depression known as the ________ develops
A
- proctodeum
11
Q
The _____ is in between the cranial and caudal intestinal portal
A
- midgut
12
Q
The _____ develops into the cranial part of the duodenum
A
- foregut
13
Q
The ____ develops into the mouth
A
- stomodeum
14
Q
The _____ extends from the buccopharyngeal membrane to the cranial intestinal portal
A
- foregut
15
Q
The _____ is from the caudal intestinal portal to the cloacal membrane
A
- hindgut
16
Q
The _____ is from the cloacal membrane to the external opening
A
- proctodeum
17
Q
The _____ develops into the caudal part of the duodenum
A
- midgut
18
Q
The _______ and _______ contribute to the formation of the duodenum
A
- foregut (cranial part)
- midgut (caudal part)
19
Q
The _____ forms the caudal part of the colon and the rectum
A
- hindgut
20
Q
The _____ forms the cranial part of the colon
A
- midgut
21
Q
The ______ and ______ contribute to the formation of the colon
A
- midgut (cranial part)
- hindgut (caudal part)
22
Q
The ________ forms the anal canal and the anus
A
- proctodeum
23
Q
The ______ side of the stomach grows faster than the _____ side which forms the greater and lesser curvatures respectively
A
- dorsal
- ventral
24
Q
The first rotation (cranio-caudal) of the stomach shifts the greater curvature to the ______
A
- left
25
The second rotation (dorso-ventral), shifts the caudal end of the stomach to the ______ side and ______
- right
| - cranially
26
The ______ develops from the mesoderm of the dorsal mesogastrium
- spleen
27
The ______ and ______ curvatures of the ruminant stomach are the dorsal and ventral curvatures respectively
- greater
| - lesser
28
The ______ develops as an outgrowth of the dorsal surface of the fundus
- rumen
29
The _______ develops as a left ventral bulge at the origin of the rumen
- reticulum
30
The ______ develops from the lesser curvature
- omasum
31
The ______ is formed by the lower part of the corpus and the pyloric part of the simple stomach
- abomasum
32
The _______ is formed from the central axis
- gastric groove
33
The ________ develops into the four compartments of the ruminant stomach
- central axis
34
In a ______ calf the rumen and reticulum are equal to half the abomasum
- a new-born calf
35
In an _______ calf the rumen and reticulum are equal to the abomasum
- eight week old
36
In an _______ calf the rumen and reticulum are double the abomasum
- 12 week old
37
The ______ chamber makes up the majority of the ruminant stomach
- rumen
38
The ______ limb of the loop (midgut) develops into the distal part of the duodenum, jejunum and part of the ileum
- cranial
39
The _____ limb of the loop (midgut) develops into the lower part of the ileum, the cecum, the ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon
- Caudal
40
In the ____ and ____ the ascending colon is a short and straight tube followed by a transverse and descending colon
- dog and cat
41
In _____ and ______ the spiral loop is more variable, but usually forms three centripetal and three centrifugal turn
- sheep and goat
42
In ______ the ascending colon forms two limbs the ventral and dorsal ascending colon
- equine
43
In the ____ the ascending colon develops into the centripetal and centrifugal coils
- pigs
44
In the subdivision of the cloaca at the junction of the _____ and _______, the endoderm and surrounding mesenchyme thickens and forms the _________
- hindgut
- allantois
- urorectal septum
45
The proximal part of the _____ and cranial portion of the _______ ______ together enlarge to form the _______
- allantois
- urogenital sinus
- bladder
46
The ____ blood supply is the celiac artery
- foregut
47
The ________ blood supply is the cranial mesenteric artery
- midgut
48
The _______ blood supply is the caudal mesenteric artery
- hindgut
49
intestinal ______ (local narrowing) and ______ (closure) occurs in puppies, kittens, foals and calves
- stenosis
| - atresia
50
_______ (imperforate anus) is the failure of the anal membrane to break down. Species
- Atresia ani
| - calves and pigs
51
_______ are abnormalities in the development of the urorectal septum that permits communication between the rectum and the urogenital sinus. Ingesta in urine. Species
- urorectal fistula
| - calves
52
_______ is persistence of the vitello-intestinal duct. Species .
- Meckel's diverticulum
| - horses and pigs
53
__________ (situs invertus) is when the body organs develop opposite to their normal position
- counter- rotation of the gut
54
______ is failure of retraction of the midgut loop and produces a congenital hernia
- omphalocele
55
__________ is when the urachus remains open and urine is excreted from this tube at the umbilicis
- patent urachus, or urachal fistula
56
The ______ develops as a hepatic bud, or diverticulum
- liver
57
The diverticulum of the liver develops into the pars _____ and pars _______
- hepatica
| - cystica
58
The pars _______ develops into the liver parenchyma (liver cords) and hepatic ducts
- hepatica
59
The pars ______ develops into the gall bladder and cystic duct. Absent in ______
- cystica
| - horses
60
The epithelial liver cords and the vitelline veins form the ______
- hepatic sinusoids
61
The liver cords differentiate into ______
- hepatocytes
62
Hepatocytes are derived from _____
- endoderm
63
Kupffer cells and connective tissue cells are derived from _________ of the septum transversum
- splanchnic mesoderm
64
The cystic duct joins the hepatic duct to form the _______
- bile duct
65
The _______ opens into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
- bile duct
66
The CT capsule and ligaments of the liver are derived from __________ ______
- splanchnic mesoderm
67
The ______ pancreatic bud forms the left lobe of the pancreas
- dorsal
68
The _____ pancreatic bud forms the right lobe of the pancreas
- ventral
69
Species Differences in Pancreatic Duct
- Memorize chart
70
The respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) appears as an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the _______
- foregut
71
The epithelial lining of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs is _________
- endodermal
72
The cartilaginous and muscular components of the respiratory system are derived from ________
- the splanchnic mesoderm
73
The laryngotracheal groove later becomes the _______
- tracheo-esophageal septum
74
The tracheo-esophageal septum divides the foregut into the dorsal and ventral _______
- esophagus
75
The dorsal esophagus will become the _______
- the laryngo-tracheal tube
76
The ventral esophagus will become the _______
- lung bud
77
In ________ and ______ a tracheal bronchus develops on the right side
- ruminants and pigs
78
Alveoli produce a phospho-lipoprotein called _______
- surfactant
79
Cessation of the umbilical blood flow at birth results in a rapid _____ in Oxygen and ______ in carbon dioxide in the blood
- decrease
| - increase
80
___________ is a primary defect in cartilage morphogesis in the english bull dog
- tracheal hypoplasia or tracheal stenosis
81
_____________ is the improper separation of the caudal portion of the laryngotracheal groove from the foregut
- tracheo-esophageal fistula
82
________ is the inability of the alveolar epithelial cells to produce enough surfactant to prevent collapse of the alveoli
- respiratory distress syndrome
83
During respiratory distress syndrome, seizing is common in ______. Often during the onset of a seizure they may make barking sounds which is called ________ ________ ________
- foal
| - Barker Foal syndrome
84
The mesenchymal tissue surrounding each common cardinal vein is the _________ _____
- pleuropericardial fold
85
The pleuropericardial fold grow medially and fuse, forming the ________ ________
- pleuropericardial septum
86
In the _________ the ascending colon develops an elongated loop which grows and forms the proximal loops of the colon, the spiral loops of the colon and the distal loops of the colon
- ruminants
