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Histology and Embryology > Male Genital System > Flashcards

Male Genital System Flashcards

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1
Q

Testes

A
  • produce spermatozoa and hormones
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2
Q

Epididymis

A
  • transport and maturation of spermatozoa
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3
Q

Ductus Deferens

A

transport of spermatozoa

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4
Q

Accessory Sex Glands

A
  • produce seminal plasma
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5
Q

Accessory Sex Glands

A
  1. Ampulla of Ductus Deferens
  2. Vesicular Gland/Seminal Vesicle
  3. Prostate Gland
  4. Bulbourethral Gland
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6
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A
  • capsule that encloses the testis
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7
Q

Visceral Layer of the Tunica Vaginalis

A
  • capsule of the testis (tunica albuginea) is covered by this
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8
Q

Interior surface of the tunica albuginea

A
  • has a vascular layer
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9
Q

Septuli Testis

A
  • the CT trabeculae
  • extends from the tunica albuginea
  • divides the testicular parenchyma into a varying number of testicular lobules
  • continuous with the mediastinum testis
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10
Q

Mediastinum Testis

A
  • a CT area containing the rete testis and blood vessels
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11
Q

Mediastinum Testis in ruminants, pigs and dogs

A
  • well developed mediastinum testis
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12
Q

Mediastinum Testis in horses

A
  • poorly developed mediastinum testis
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13
Q

Seminiferous Tubules Consists of:

A
  1. A convoluted portion
    - tubuli contorti
  2. A straight portion
    - tubuli recti
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14
Q

Seminiferous Tubules three components

A
  1. Lamina Propria and Basal Lamina
  2. Sustenacular Cells (Sertoli)
  3. Spermatogenic Cells
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15
Q

Lamina Propria

A
  • peritubular cells (Myoid) and fibroblast
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16
Q

Lamina Propria

A
  • surrounds the seminiferous tubules

- the innermost layer is basal lamina of collagen and elastic fibers which is surrounded by flat peritubular cells

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17
Q

Peritubular

A
  • responsible for tubular contraction
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18
Q

Sustenacular Cells (sertoli)

A
  • elongated pyramidal cells
  • poorly defined outline of cells
  • blood-testis barrier
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19
Q

Blood testis barrier

A
  • adjacent sustentacular cells are joined by tight junctions
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20
Q

Functions of Sertoli Cells

A
  1. Nutritive, protective and supportive functions for the spermatogenic cells
  2. Phagocytosis of:
    - degenerating spermatogenic cells
    - detached residual body of spermatids
  3. Production of Mullerian Inhibitory Hormone
  4. Secretion of intratubular fluid which is used for sperm transport
  5. Formation of blood-testis barrier
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21
Q

Spermatogenic Cells

A
  • located between and above the sustentacular cells
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22
Q

Spermatogonia

A
  • situated next to the basal lamina

- relatively small spermatogenic cell

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23
Q

Primary Spermatocytes

A
  • largest spermatogenic cells

- characterized by obvious condensed chromosomes

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24
Q

Secondary spermatocytes

A
  • short lived

- difficult to observe

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25
Spermatid
- small spermatogenic cells | - located towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
26
Spermatozoa
- formed from the spermatids that undergo spermiogenesis
27
Interstitial (Leydig) cells
- becomes apparent during puberty
28
*Interstitial (Leydig) cells*
- characteristic of steroid secreting cells and produce testosterone - responsible for the development of the secondary male sex characteristics
29
Straight tubules (tubuli recti)
- connect the convoluted tubules to the rete testis | - simple squamous to simple columnar
30
Rete Testis
- simple squamous to simple columnar | - produces the testicular fluid
31
Ductuli efferentes
- connects the rete testis to the ductus epididymis | - simple columnar ciliated and nonciliated cells
32
Ductuli efferentes simple columnar Ciliated cells
- help to move the spermatozoa
33
Ductuli efferentes simple columnar NonCiliated cells
- absorb the tubular fluid
34
*Route of Sperm: intratesticular genital ducts*
1. Tubuli contorti - convoluted portion of seminiferous tubules 2. Tubuli recti - straight portion of seminiferous tubules 3. Rete testis 4. Efferent ducts 5. Ductus epididymis 6. Ductus deferens 7. Pelvic urethra 8. penile urethra
35
*Epididymis*
- surrounded by tunica albuginea - divided into head, body and tail - has a long, coiled ductus epididymis
36
*Epididymis Epithelium*
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | covered by stereocilia
37
Two Types of cells in epithelium of the Epididymis
1. Columnar cells - surface is covered by long, branched, microvilli (stereocilia) 2. Small Basal cells
38
Functions of the Epididymis
- maturation (head and body) and storage (tail) of the spermatozoa
39
*Ductus Deferens Epithelium*
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium
40
Ductus Deferens Mucosa
- mucosa is folded
41
Ductus Deferens Tunica Muscularis
- 3 layers 1. Intermingled circular layer 2. Longitudinal Layer 3. Oblique Layers
42
*Terminal part of the Ductus Deferens*
- is ampullated | - > except in cats and pigs
43
*Cats and Pigs*
- Ampulla of the Ductus Deferens is absent
44
*Carnivores (dog and cat)*
- vesicular gland is absent
45
*Small Ruminants (sheep/goat)*
- Body, or Compact Portion of the Prostate Gland is absent
46
Dogs
- Bulbourethral Gland (paired) is absent
47
Horses
- Pars Disseminata of the Prostate Gland is absent
48
Bovine
- has all accessory glands 1. Ampulla Gland 2. Vesicular Gland 3. Prostate Gland: Body 4. Prostate Gland: Pars Disseminata 5. Bulbourethral Gland
49
Ampulla
- terminal part of the ductus deferens - glands are lined by simple columnar epithelium with secretory activity - absent in cats and pigs
50
Vesicular Gland
- Compund tubuloalveolar gland - Glandular part has Pseudostratified columnar epithelium - Intralobular and main secretory ducts have simple cuboidal epithelium
51
Prostate Gland
- compound tubuloalveolar gland with 2 parts 1. Compact Part, or Body 2. Disseminate part
52
*Compact Part, or Body of the Prostate Gland*
- surrounds the pelvic urethra
53
*Disseminate part of the Prostate Gland*
- located in the propriasubmucosa of the pelvic urethra
54
Prostate Gland
- concentrically laminated concretions of secretory material are found in the tubules and alveoli
55
*Bulbourethral Gland Secretory Portion*
- has simple tall columnar epithelium and show a mucin reaction
56
Bulbourethral Gland collecting ducts
- lined by simple cuboidal epithelial cells with dark cytoplasm
57
Urethra Components
1. Pelvic Urethra | 2. Penile Urethra
58
Urethra Propria submucosa
- consists of erectile tissue | - composed of endothelium-lined caverns of various sizes, called vascular stratum in pelvic urethra
59
Vascular stratum
- endothelium-lined caverns of various sizes in the pelvic urethra
60
Corpus Spongiosum
- the cavernous spaces are greatly increased in the penile urethra and called this
61
Urethra Tunica Muscularis Bladder
- smooth muscle around this
62
Urethra Tunica Muscularis Urethra
- striated muscle around this
63
Penis
1. Corpora cavernosa penis 2. Corpora Spongiosum Penis 3. Glans Penis
64
*Corpora cavernosa penis*
- surrounded by the tunica albuginea | - divided by a median septum
65
Corpora Spongiosum Penis
- surrounds the penile urethra | - also composed of erectile tissue
66
Glans Penis
- Stratified squamous epithelium - contains an abundant amount of erectile tissue - has numerous nerve endings
67
Glans Penis in horses and dogs
- glans penis is well developed

Histology and Embryology (17 decks)

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