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CPR Midterm > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

when does vascular sys develop in embryo

A

3rd week

no longer able to satisfy nutritional requirements by diffusion from mother

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2
Q

day #?: heart tube formed

A

21 days

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3
Q

day #?: folding of heart in embryo

A

22 days

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4
Q

day #?: looping of heart tube

A

23 days

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5
Q

largest category of human birth defects

A

heart and vascular abnorm

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6
Q

day #?: formation of ventricles

A

40 days

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7
Q

day #?: hematopoiesis and and vasculogenesis

A

17 days

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8
Q

sites of hematopoiesis in gestation

A

(month 1) yolk sac –> liver–>spleen–>bone marrow (birth)

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9
Q

what cells form blood vessels (vasculogenesis)

A

mesoderm cells –> endothelial cells–>vasculogenic cord forms

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10
Q

what regulates endothelial cell differentiation

A

transcription factors: Fox/Hox/Sox

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11
Q

steps in blood vessel proliferation (angiogenesis) (4)

A

1) proliferation of endothelial cells
2) migration
3) sprouting
4) intussusception (splitting)

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12
Q

day #?: extraembryonic blood vessel formation (blood islands)

A

19 days

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13
Q

what shuts help heart in utero to function as “1 chamber” (2)

A

inter-atrial and ductus arteriosus
L atria–>R
pulmonary trunk –> aortic arch
lungs not functioning*

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14
Q

in utero: where in circulatory system is circulation resistance high/low (pulmonary vs systemic?)

A

High: pulmonary system; lungs not functioning*
right side of heart

Low: systemic system; placenta=low pressure
left side of heart

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15
Q

when do shunts in heart close?

A

at birth

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16
Q

after birth: where in circulatory system is circulation resistance high/low (pulmonary vs systemic?)

A

after shunts close:
High: left side of heart (to body)
Low: right side of heart (to lungs)

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17
Q

what induces the development of the cardiogenic field

myocardial morphogenesis

A

transcription factors:
BMP, WNT, NKX
~day 17

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18
Q

what is cardiac jelly

A

~day 22
mesenchyme cells that make up endocardial tube

The gelatinous noncellular material between the endothelial lining and the myocardial layer of the heart

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19
Q

bulbus cordis becomes

A

~day 22
bulbed shaped portion of heart
becomes part of R ventricle blood outflow tract

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20
Q

what cells form the epicardium

A

mesothelial cells on surface of septum transversum

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21
Q

what divides to form the aorta and pulmonary artery

A

truncus arteriosus

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22
Q

what forms the coronary arteries (endothelial lining and smooth muscle)

A

~day 22

outer lay of mesothelial cells migrating from surface of septum transversum to form epicardium

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23
Q

name process that aligns 4 chambers of future heart correctly

Study These Flashcards
A

cardiac looping
~day 23-28
~week4

24
Q

endocardial cushions forms…

Study These Flashcards
A

fuses at midline to form atrioventricular canal
separates L/R ventricle
~28-35 days

25
which vein is oxygenated in early embryo vascular system
umbillical vein
26
the sinus venosus becomes
the coronary sinus and smooth wall of R atrium and sinus venarum in adult heart
27
in heart looping, how does the bulbus cordis move?
caudally, ventrally, to the R
28
in heart looping, how does the primitive ventricle move
to the L
29
in heart looping, how does the sinus venosus move
dorsally and cranially
30
what is dextrocardia
abnorm condition in which the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest.
31
what separates the common atrium
septum primum and secundum | ~day 33
32
what openings connect newly divided atrium in fetus
foramen ovale and ostium secundum
33
what separates the ventricle in the heart
expanding interventricular septum and conus swellings ~week 7 ridges spiral and fuse
34
why is spiral of the conotruncal/ aorticopulmonary septum important inside the truncus arteriosus
shunts blood from R ventricle to lungs, and L ventricle to aorta
35
ventricular septal defects
Defect: IV septum does not form: in a newborn blood flows from L ventricle to R ventricle
36
what cells form the conotruncal/ aorticopulmonary septum important inside the truncus arteriosus
neural crest cells
37
abnormality: transposition of great vessels
If Spiral formation in conotruncal septum fails: blood flows from R ventricle to aorta No oxygenated blood in circulation and newborn dies If has atrial/ventricle defect some blood can mix and infant can live
38
what forms the ductus arteriosus
~8wks the L 6th aortic arch artery **ligamentum arteriosum pulls L side of recurrent laryngeal nerve lower than R
39
what later forms the R pulmonary artery
R 6th aortic arch
40
which # aortic arch later forms the aortic arch
L 4th aortic arch
41
which aortic arch later forms the proximal R subclvian artery
R 4th aortic arch
42
what does the 3rd aortic arch later form
common and internal carotid arteries
43
what does the embryonic aortic sac become
proximal aortic arch and brachiocephalic trunk
44
what embryonic structure later forms the adult common carotid artery
3rd aortic arch
45
what embryonic structure later forms the adult aortic arch
truncus arteriosus, aortic sac, L 4th arch, L dorsal aorta
46
what embryonic structure later forms the adult pulmonary trunk
truncus arteriosus
47
what embryonic structure later forms the adult ligamentum arteriosum
L 6th arch
48
what vessel carries oxygenated blood to the fetal heart
umbilical vein
49
what does the ductus venosus do in the fetal heart
shunts left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.
50
what does the foramen ovale do in the fetal heart
connect L and R atrium
51
what does the ductus arteriosus do in the fetal heart
connects the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs
52
what causes closure of the ductus arteriosus
rise in oxygen tension bradykinin release= smooth muscle contraction decreased prostaglandins from mother occlusion from backward flow
53
what adult structure forms from the embryonic ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum
54
what adult structure forms from the embryonic ductus venosus
ligamentum venosus
55
what is the ligamentum arteriosum
small ligament attached to the superior surface of the left pulmonary artery and the proximal descending aorta fixes the aorta in place closely related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
56
abnorm: ductus venosus fails to close after birth
intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PSS)
57
what adult structure forms from the embryonic umbillical vein
ligamentum teres hepatitis

CPR Midterm (15 decks)

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