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Embryology Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

Where is the egg fertilized

A

The ampulla of the fallopian tube

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2
Q

What is considered the first fate decision for cells in the blastocyst formation

And when does it take place

A

ICM cells that will become the embryo or Trophoblast (outside cells that will form part of the placenta)

Begins with the compaction of blastomeres at the 8 cell stage

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3
Q

What is considered the 2nd fate steps for the developing embryo

A

ICM cells either becoming the epiblast or hypoblast

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4
Q

What is the epiblast going to become

A

Amnion and body of the embryo

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5
Q

What is the fate of the hypoblast

A

It will form the wall of the primitive and secondary yolk sacs

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6
Q

When does the primitive streak form, where does it form, and what is the significance of this

A

Early in the 3 week, begins in the caudal half of the disc. Epiblast cells migrate laterally and anteriorly through the primitively streak

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7
Q

What are the 3 germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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8
Q

What is the primitive node/notochord

A

The primitively node is the anterior end of the primitively streak and the notochord is mesodermal cells forming a solid chord in the midline

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9
Q

What will the notochord become

A

It will become the nucleus pulposus of the vertebral discs as well as induce ectoderm to become nervous tissue

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10
Q

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

A

Remnant of the primitive streak that is a benign tumor containing tissues of all 3 germ layers

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11
Q

What is is the oral pharyngeal membrane and what does it consist of

A

Future side of the oral cavity and only ectoderm and endoderm

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12
Q

Prechordal plate contributes to what

A

Forebrain and the oral cavity

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13
Q

What is the cloacal membrane

A

Site of the future anus and is only the ectoderm and endoderm

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14
Q

What does the ectoderm become

A

Nervous tissue (CNS/PNS)
Neural crest cells(ganglia,adrenal medial, melanocytes)
Skin(from surface ectoderm, glands)

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15
Q

When is the neural plate formed and what does it do.

A

It is the ecotoderm above the notochord forming the neural ectoderm. Periphery cells fold the neural ectoderm into a tube. Surface ectoderm covers the neural tube and becomes the epidermis

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16
Q

When does the neruo tube close

A

4 weeks (28) days

17
Q

Neural tube defects

Preventative measures

A

Failure to close the neural tube at the cranial end causes ancephally
Failure to close the neural tube from the caudal end causes spina bifida

Folic acid

18
Q

What do the neural crest cells become

A

Ganglion of all types

19
Q

What layers forms the somites

20
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm become

A

Somites and axial skeleton, associated muscle, and the dermis of the skin

21
Q

What do cells front he somites form

A

The dermis, muscle, and tendons, cartilage, and bone

22
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm form

A

Urogenital structures

23
Q

Where do germ cells arise and where do they migrate to

A

From the epiblast and migrate to genital ridge

24
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm somatic and visceral layer fates

A

Somatic=body wall, bones and CT

Visceral=cover organs

25
What composes the body wall when the embryonic disc folds laterally
Parietal mesoderm and ectoderm
26
What forms the gut wall when he embryonic disc folds laterally
Endoderm and the visceral mesoderm
27
Where do blood islands first form
In the mesoderm of the wall of the yolk sac
28
Vasculogenesis
Blood vessels derived from blood islands
29
Angiogenesis
Sprouting of vessels from existing vessels
30
Where does the heart sprout from
The mesoderm of the cardiogenic area. And as the neural tube grows/folding of the cranial region, the heart is directed to the thoracic region
31
What does the endoderm differentiate into
Epithelial lining of the GI, lung, thyroid, liver, pancreas
32
When does the fetal period begin
The 3rd month