Gluteal And Posterior Thigh

Question 1

Hip joint: ball and socket
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Knee joint: condylar joint
Flexion
Extension
Rotation

Answer 1

Hip adduction: medial
Hip abduction: lateral
Hip rotation: movement about the long axis of the femur
Knee flexion: posterior
Knee Extension: anterior
Knee rotation: movement about the long axis of the tibia

Question 2

Gluteus maximus
O
I
A 
N

Answer 2

O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: femur, IT tract
A: extend, laterally rotate femur (also keeps the leg extended via the IT tract)
N: inferior gluteal nerve

Question 3

Gluteus Medius
O
I
A
N

Answer 3

O: Ilium
I: Femur (greater trochanter)
A: abduct and medically rotate femur (support weight when lift the opposite leg)
N: superior gluteal nerve

Question 4

Gluteus Minimus
O
I
A
N

Answer 4

O: Ilium
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: abduct and medially rotate the femur as well as support weight of the opposite leg when lifted
N: superior gluteal nerve

Question 5

Tensor fascia lata
O
I 
A
N

Answer 5

O: Ilium (ant superior iliac spine)
I: IT tract
A: abduct femur (also keeps leg ext via IT tract)
N: superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

Piriformis
O
I
A
N

Answer 6

O: Sacrum
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to piriformis

Question 7

Obturator internus
O
I
A
N

Answer 7

O: obturator membrane
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to obturator internus

Question 8

Superior Gemellus
O
I
A
N

Answer 8

O: ischial spine
I: femur (greater trochanter of the femur)
A: laterally rotate the femur
N: nerve to the obturator internus

Question 9

Inferior gemellus
O
I
A
N

Answer 9

O: Ismail tuberosity
I: femur (greater trochanter)
A: laterally rotate femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris

Question 10

Quadratus femoris
O
I
A
N

Answer 10

O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur
A: laterally rotate the femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris

Question 11

Semimembranosus
O
I
A
N

Answer 11

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
A: 1. Flex knee, 2. Extend hip joint
N: tibial part of sciatic nerve

Question 12

Semitendonosus
O
I
A
N

Answer 12

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
A: Flex knee and extend the hip joint
N: tibial part of sciatic nerve

Question 13

Biceps femoris 
O
I
A
N

Answer 13

O: ischial tuberosity (long head) Femur (short head)
I: Fibula
A: flex knee and ext hip joint long head only
N: long head-tibial part of the sciatic
Short head-common peroneal part of the sciatic nerve

Question 14

Adductor magnus (hamstring part)
O
I
A
N

Answer 14

O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur
A: extend the hip joint
N: tibial part of the sciatic nerve

Question 15

Popliteus
O
I
A
N

Answer 15

O: femur
I: tibia
A: laterally rotate the femur (unlock the knee joint)
N: tibial nerve

Question 16

Gluteal Gait

Caused by what?

Answer 16

Caused by injury to the superior gluteal nerve (glut med/min). Paralyzed glut med/ min. Pelvis tilts down on non-paralyzed side when walking on the non paralyzed leg
Positive trendelenburg sign- when you lift the opposite leg, pelvis tilts down on the opposite side

Question 17

What separates the gluteus medius from the minimus

Answer 17

Minimus is separated from the medius by the superior gluteal nerves and vessels

Question 18

Easy identification of the tensor fascia lata

Answer 18

Muscle attached to the fascia of the IT tract
Takes origin from the anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion is the IT tract
Action: abduct the hip and mantain leg extension
N: superior gluteal nerve

Question 19

Bursae
What are they
What is their function
Where are they found

Answer 19

They are bags of fluid surrounded by connective tissue
They function as shock absorbers and reduce friction of movement of muscle tendons against bones or other tendons
Some are Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter bursae

Question 20

Trochanteral bursa

What does it separate

Answer 20

Separates the gluteus maximus from he greater trochanter of femur and vastus lateralis

Question 21

Ischial bursa
What does it separate
Clinical correlation***

Answer 21

Separates gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity

Weavers bottom***: inflammation of the ischial bursae because of inflammation due to excess inflammation

Question 22

Piriformis muscle
Landmark how?
Sequence of muscles using the piriformis as a landmark superior to inferior

Answer 22

Muscle that the sciatic nerve disappears under***
Piriformis
Superior gememlus
Tendon of the obturator 
Obturator internus
Inferior gemelus
Quadratus femoris

Question 23

Superior gluteal artery location

Answer 23

Above the piriformis and courses veteran the gluteus medius and minimus

Question 24

Inferior gluteal artery location

Answer 24

Below the piriformis and branches join the cruciate anastamosis at the hip joint

Question 25

Superior gluteal nerve location and what it supplies

Answer 25

In Cervantes the gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata

Question 26

Inferior gluteal nerve locations nd supply

Answer 26

Innervates the gluteus maximus and is below the piriformis

Question 27

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply and location

Answer 27

Large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and gluteal region, medal tot he sciatic nerve

Question 28

Sciatic nerve What it branches to and where are they located How can it be damaged Clinical correlate

Answer 28

Branches to become the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve and this will typically happen in the popliteal fossa Damaged in posterior dislocation of the hip Clinical correlate: when giving an intramuscular injection in the gluteal region you give the injection in the upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region to avoid damage of the sciatic nerve

Question 29

Early branching of the sciatic. Nerve clinical correlate

Answer 29

Tibial and peroneal branches can poss through or over the piriformis and give rise to the piriformis syndrome which compresses the sciatic nerve. Treated by cutting through the piriformis

Question 30

Where do all hamstring muscles originate

Answer 30

The ischial tuberosity and they all cross hip and knee joint to extend the thigh as well as flex the leg

Question 31

What is the nerve supply of the hamstring muscles

Answer 31

All hamstring muscles supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve except for the short head of the biceps (peroneal part of the sciatic)

Question 32

Pulled hamstring clinical correlate

Answer 32

Can tear off (avulse) part of the origin of muscles from the ischial tuberosity. Happens when running or extending the knee and is extremely painful

Question 33

What does the tibial nerve supply

Answer 33

Supplies the posterior compartment of the leg

Question 34

Aural nerve accompanies the small saphenous wins and supplies swensation to what

Answer 34

Posterior side of the calf and lateral foot

Question 35

Common peroneal nerve supply

Answer 35

Lateral and arterial compartments of the leg

Question 36

Lateral Surat cutaneous nerve

Answer 36

Sensation to skin of lateral calf

Question 37

Clinical correlate of damage to the common peroneal nerve and its location

Answer 37

Winds around the kneck of the fibula and can be damaged by a fracture or tight casts. The sign of damage is called FOOT DROP

Question 38

``` Popliteus muscle O I A N ```

Answer 38

O: lateral condyle of femur I: tibia A: rotate the femur laterally when beginning to flex the leg which acts to unlock the knee N: Tibial nerve

Question 39

4 components of the geniucular anastomoses

Answer 39

1. Superior medial genicular artery (from femoral artery) anastomoses with the descending genicular artery 2. Superior lateral genicular artery- anastomoses with the descending branch of the lateral femoral artery 3. Inferior medial genicular artery Inferior lateral genicular artery both anastomoses with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial artery

Question 40

Medial genicular artery

Answer 40

When present, arises from the popliteal artery

Question 41

Aneurysm of the popliteal artery clinical correlate

Answer 41

Femoral artery can be lighted above the knee deep to the sartorius in the subsartorial canal and the blood supply will be maintained by anastomoses around the knee