Overview Of The Lower Extremity

Question 1

Extremity development initiation

Answer 1

Begins in 4 weeks (28 days)

Palms of hands touch as well as the sole of the feet

Question 2

Upper extremity rotation during development

Answer 2

Upper extremity rotates laterally

Question 3

Lower extremity rotation in development

Answer 3

Lower extremity rotates medially

Question 4

Dermatomes in adults
L1
L3,4
L4
S1
S1,2

Answer 4

L1-inguinal ligament
L3,4- anterior knee
L4- medial foot and big toe
S1-lateral side of the foot
S1,2- posterior side of the leg and the thigh

Question 5

Plantar flexion

Answer 5

Movement of the sole of the foot inferiorly

Question 6

Dorsiflexion

Answer 6

Movement of the foot superiorly

Question 7

Inversion

Answer 7

Turn foot so soles face medially

Question 8

Version

Answer 8

Turn foot so sole faces laterally

Question 9

Bones of the pelvis (4)

Answer 9

2 innonimate bones, sacrum, coccyx

Question 10

Innonimate bone components (3) and where they join

Answer 10

Ilium, ischium, pubis, and they join at the acetabulum

Question 11

What is the midline between the two innonimate bones

Answer 11

The public symphysis

Question 12

Bony landmarks of the pelvis

Answer 12

Sacroiliac joint
Anterior superior iliac spine- anterior projection for muscle attainment and is palpable
Anterior inferior iliac spine- muscle attachment
Obturator foramen- large opening surrounded ischium, pubis, covered by the obturator membrane for muscle attachment
Pecten pubis- raised ridge on the superior edge of pubis
Pubic tubercle- bump; attachment for the inguinal ligament

Question 13

Ischial spine

Answer 13

Pointed process from posterior border of the ischium

Question 14

Ischial tuberosity

Answer 14

Large bony prominence on posterior part of the ischium. THIS IS WHAT PEOPLE SIT ON and there is pressure from prolonged sitting

Question 15

Greater sciatic notch

Answer 15

Indentation above the spine

Question 16

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 16

Extends from the ischial spine to the sacrum

Question 17

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 17

Extends front he sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

Question 18

Function of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Answer 18

They prevent the sacrum from rotating due to weight transmitted down the vertebral column

Question 19

Fova capitis (femur)

Answer 19

Indentation of the head of the femur for ligament of head of femur

Question 20

Greater trochanter (femur)

Answer 20

Located laterally below the neck and it forms the width of the hips

Question 21

Lesser trochanter

Answer 21

Located medially below the neck

Question 22

Intertrochanteric neck (femur)

Answer 22

Ridge connecting the trochanter on the anterior side

Question 23

Intertrochanteric crest

Answer 23

Ridge connecting trochanter on the posterior side

Question 24

Linea aspera

Answer 24

A large ridge on the length of the femur on the posterior side and is the site of insertion for many thigh muscles

Question 25

Condyes- medial and lateral

Answer 25

Processes on distal end which articulates with the tibia

Question 26

Epicondyles- medial and lateral

Answer 26

Two regions directly superior to the condyles

Question 27

Adductor tubercle

Answer 27

A bump located superior to the medial epicondyle

Question 28

Popliteal surface

Answer 28

Area related to posterior of knee

Question 29

Patellar surface

Answer 29

Area related topatella on the anterior surface

Question 30

Patella bone type and clinical correlate to lack of fusion

Answer 30

Sesamoid bone. Forms from several ossification centers and if they dont all fuse can look bipartate

Question 31

Tibia bony landmarks | Medial and lateral condyle

Answer 31

Forms articulation with the femur

Question 32

Tibia bony landmarks | Tuberosity

Answer 32

Bump on the anterior side which is the attachment for the patellar tendon

Question 33

Intercondylar emminence

Answer 33

Elevation between the condyles

Question 34

Solear line

Answer 34

Oblique ridge on back of tibia

Question 35

Medial malleolus

Answer 35

Small proximal end TIBIA

Question 36

Lateral malleolus

Answer 36

Larger distal end FIBULA

Question 37

Talus

Answer 37

Articulates with the tibia and fibula(body) and below with the calcaneus and navicular(head)

Question 38

Calcaneus

Answer 38

Articulates with he talus and the cuboid. Forms the heel bone

Question 39

Navicular

Answer 39

Boat shaped, articulates with the talus proximally

Question 40

Cuboid

Answer 40

Articulates with the calcaneus

Question 41

Cuneiform bones

Answer 41

Named medial to lateral and articulate with the navicular proximally relative to themselves

Question 42

Metatarsals

Answer 42

Head distal, base proximal and articulate with the cuneiform (1-3), and 4-5. With the cuboid

Question 43

Phalanges

Answer 43

Bones of the toes

Question 44

Great saphenous vein

Answer 44

Superficial vein tat courses on the whole medial side of the lower extremity. Starts at the DORSAL ARCH OF THE FOOT and extends anterior to the MEDIAL MALLEOLUS, up to the femoral vein at the saphenous opening

Question 45

Perforating Veins

Answer 45

Connect superficial veins to deep veins and only allow flow SUPERFICIAL to DEEP

Question 46

Varicose veins

Answer 46

(DEEP TO SUPERFICIAL=PATHOLOGY)Happens whenever the veins of the perforating veins become incompetent. Ultimately superficial veins become dialated and tortuous

Question 47

``` Lymphatic Veins Horizontal Vertical Popliteal nodes Deep inguinal nodes ```

Answer 47

Horizontal group- located below the inguinal ligament-drain gluteal and posterior thigh Vertical group- located along termination of great saphenous veins and drain lymph frommost of lower extremity Popliteal nodes-post to knee and drain accompanying vessels to great saphenous vein Deep inguinal nodes-located medial tot he femoral vein

Question 48

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 48

Prolong inactivity can lead to the inflammation and formation of clots in veins of the lower extremity