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Introduction To Radiology Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

What is the loss of energy of X-rays as it passes through the body called

A

Attenuation

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2
Q

Radiopaque/radiodense

A

Materials that absorb X-rays creating a white image

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3
Q

Radioluscent

A

Less dense tissues allowing the X-ray to pass through causing for a black image

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4
Q

Advantages to plain films

A

Fast
Inexpensive
Can be obtained almost anywhere
Widely used

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5
Q

Disadvantages of plain films

A

Utilizes ionizing radiation
Soft tissue is hard to visualize
Not recommended for pregnant women except in an emergency

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6
Q

Fluoroscopy definition

A

Low dose radiography to measure body in real time, typically used with contrast, and helpful with roceedures

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7
Q

CT Scan units of measurement

A

Hounsfield units is the scale to measure CT density

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8
Q

CTT characteristics

A

Uses ionizing radiation, and constructs 3d image from 2d slices in different planes. Saggiatal, coronal, and transverse

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9
Q

CT advantages

A

Excellent resolution, can see the brain, multiple planes, cheaper and faster than mri

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10
Q

CT disadvantages

A

High radiation dose, can require contrast, a little more expensive, cant visualize structures inside joints as well as MRI

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11
Q

Typical closed MRI scanner magnetic field strength

A

0.5-3.0

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12
Q

Open MRI field strength

A

0.1-1.0

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13
Q

T1 weighted image characteristics

A

Water is dark and better anatomical detail

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14
Q

T2 image characteristics

A

Water is bright and better for pathological lesions

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15
Q

MRI advantages

A

No ionizing radiation, multiple planes to scan, better detail, good for neuro imaging and soft tissue(muscle, tendon, ligament)

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16
Q

MRI disadvantages

A

Cant be manipulated like CT, confined, noisy, movement disrupts, expensive, very long, and very expensive and dangerous around anything metal

17
Q

Ultrasound caracteristics

A

Uses sound waves

18
Q

Echogenic

A

Tissue that reflects many echoes and is bright or white

19
Q

Sonoluscent

A

Few or no echoes and is depicted as dark or black

20
Q

Ultrasound advantages

A

No radiation, real time images, inexpensive, portable

21
Q

Ultrasound disadvantages

A

Bone and air filled structures interfere with image, fat patients struggle

22
Q

Background radiation

A

Radiation we are exposed to every day

23
Q

Average background does

24
Q

Most sensitive tissue to radiation is the

25
Why should femurs be internally rotated when obtaining an Ap pelvis film
So the necks can be assessed for fractures
26
Shentons line
Medial edge of the femoral neck and the inferior edge of the superior pubic ramus
27
4 radio graphic features of a posterior hip location
1. Femoral head lateral and superior to the acetabulum*** 2. Fracture of the posterior rim of the acetabulum may occur 3. Femur in internal rotation and adduction*** 4. Affected femoral head may appear smaller
28
What should you evaluate when looking at an X-ray of a knee
Signs of osteoarthritis (joint space narrowing, osteophyte formatoin, subchondral cysts) AP view Lateral view is good for evaluation of the patella/if joint effusion i present In all positions the patella is in contact with the femur and the femur in contact with the tibia
29
Sesamoid bone in the head of the gastrocnemius is called
Fabella
30
ABC's to x-ray reading
A=adequqacy/alignment (minimum 2 views) B=Bones (cortical outline of all bones) C=cartilage (evaluate joint spaces for narrowing) S=soft tissue