Leg And Dorsum Of The Foot

Question 1

What is the function of the retinaculum and what does it prevent from happening

Answer 1

Connective tissue that holds in tendons and prevents bowstringing of the tendons

Question 2

Inversion

Answer 2

Sole of the foot up medially

Question 3

Eversion

Answer 3

Sole of the foot up laterally

Question 4

How do you typically sprain an ankle

Answer 4

Excessive inversion

Question 5

Posterior compartment of the leg
Muscle action
Nerve
Artery

Answer 5

Muscle action: plantar flex for, flex toes, invert foot
Nerve: tibial nerve
Artery: posterior tibial artery

Question 6

Lateral compartment of the leg
muscle action
Nerve supply
Artery supply

Answer 6

Muscle action: evert foot
Nerve: superficial peroneal (fibula) nerve
Artery: posterior tibial artery (lateral branch)

Question 7

Anterior compartment of the leg
Muscle action
Nerve supply
Artery supply

Answer 7

Muscle action: dorsiflexion foot, extend toes, and invert foot
Nerve Supply: deep peroneal nerve
Artery: anterior tibial artery

Question 8

Gastrocnemius
O
I
A
N

Answer 8

O: Femur
I: Achilles tendon to the calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve

Question 9

Soleus
O
I
A
N

Answer 9

O: fibula/tibia on the solear line
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve

Question 10

Plantaris
O
I
A
N

Answer 10

O: femur
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot
N: tibial nerve

Question 11

Flexor hallucus longus
O
I
A
N

Answer 11

O: fibula
I: distal phalanx of big toe
A: plantar flex big toe/foot
N: tibial nerve

Question 12

Flexor digitorum longus
O
I
A
N

Answer 12

O: tibia
I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: plantar flex lateral 4 toes/foot
N: tibial nerve

Question 13

Tibialis posterior
O
I
A
N

Answer 13

O: tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane
I: navicular bone, cuneiform, cuboid, metatarsals 2-4
A: plantar flex foot and invert foot
N: tibial nerve

Question 14

Tibialis anterior
O
I
A
N

Answer 14

O: tibiaI
I: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex, invert foot
N: deep peroneal nerve

Question 15

Extensor Hallicus Longus
O
I
A
N

Answer 15

O: fibula/interosseus membrane
I: distal phalanx of big toe
A: dorsiflex and extend big toe
N: deep peroneal nerve

Question 16

Extensor digitorum longus
O
I
A
N

Answer 16

O: Tibia, fibula, interosseus membrnae
I: extensor expansions of lateral 4 toes
A: dorsiflex foot and extend toes
N: deep peroneal nerve

Question 17

Peroneus tertius
O
I
A
N

Answer 17

O: fibula and interosseus membrane
I: 5th metatarsal
A: dorsiflex foot and evert
N: deep peroneal nerve

Question 18

Extensor digitorum brevis
O
I
A
N

Answer 18

O: calcaneus
I: extensor expansions of toes 2-4
A: extend toes
N: deep peroneal nerve

Question 19

Peroneus longus
O
I
A
N

Answer 19

O: fibula
I: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: evert foot
N: superficial peroneal nerve

Question 20

Peroneus Brevis
O
I
A
N

Answer 20

O: fibula
I: 5th metatarsal
A: evert foot
N: superficial peroneal nerve

Question 21

Sole of foot 1st layer
Abductor hallicus
A
N

Answer 21

O: calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of big toe
A: ABDUCT AND FLEX BIG TOE
N: MEDIAL PLANTAR NERVE (1/4)

Question 22

Sole of foot 1st layer
Abductor digiti minimi
A
N

Answer 22

O: calcaneus
I proximal phalanx of little toe
A: ABDUCT AND FLEX LITTLE TOE
N: LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE

Question 23

Sole of foot 1st layer
Flexor digitorum brevis
A
N

Answer 23

O: calcaneus
I: middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: FLEX LATERAL 4 TOES
N: MEDIAL LANTER NERVE (2/4)

Question 24

Sole of foot 2nd layer
Quadratus plantae

A
N

Answer 24

A: assist in flexing lateral 4 toes
N: lateral plantar nerve

Question 25

Sole of foot 2nd layer Lumbricals A N

Answer 25

A: flex toes at metatarsophalangeal joint/extend toes at the interphalangeal joint N: Lumbrical 1 =medial plantar nerve (3/4) Lumbrical 2-4= lateral plantar nerve

Question 26

Sole of foot 3rd layer Flexor hallicus brevis A N

Answer 26

A: flex big toe N: medial plantar nerve (4/4)

Question 27

Sole of foot 3rd layer Flexor digiti minimi brevis A N

Answer 27

A: flex little toe N: lateral plantar nerve

Question 28

Sole of foot 3rd layer Adductor hallicus A N

Answer 28

A: adduct and flex big toe N: lateral plantar nerve

Question 29

Sole of foot 4th layer Plantar interosseus muscles A N

Answer 29

A: Adduct toes and flex metatarsalphalangeal joint N: lateral plantar nerve

Question 30

Sole of foot 4th layer Dorsal interosseus muscles A N

Answer 30

A: abduct toes and flex metatarsalphalangeal joint N: lateral plantar nerve

Question 31

Fabella | What is it and what can it be mistaken for on an X-ray

Answer 31

It is the lateral head that can sometimes contain sesamoid bone and can be mistaken as a fracture on x-rays

Question 32

What nerves does a patellar tendon tap test

Answer 32

L2,3,4

Question 33

What nerves does an Achilles tendon tap test

Answer 33

S1,2

Question 34

What nerve and artery course between the superficial and deep groups of the posterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 34

Posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve

Question 35

Under what does the tendon of the flexor hallicus longus pass

Answer 35

It passes under the Sustentaculum tali, it is a projection from the calcaneus, and it acts as a pulley

Question 36

What is Tom, Dick, and Harry; where are they located

Answer 36

``` Working anteriorly to posteriorly on the medial leg Tom: Tibialis posterior Dick: Flexor Digitorum Longus A: posterior tibial artery N: Tibial nerve Harry: Flexor Hallicus Longus ```

Question 37

What is the flexor retinaculum and the corresponding clinical correlate

Answer 37

The flexor retinaculum functions as a tunnel for tendons of Deep muscles on the medial side of the ankle joint to pass and covered with synovial sheaths Clinical correlate: tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by swelling of the synovial sheaths and can compress the tibial nerve causing numbness of the sole of the foot/toes and weakened flexion of the toes

Question 38

Where does the peroneus longus insert

Answer 38

1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 39

Where does the peroneus brevis insert

Answer 39

5th metatarsal

Question 40

What are the retinaculum on the anterior side of the leg

Answer 40

Superior and inferior extensor retinacula

Question 41

Clinical correlate of the anterior compartment

Answer 41

Anterior leg syndrome: when the fascia swells can cause foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion due to compression of deep peroneal nerve)

Question 42

Where does the common peroneal nerve travel

Answer 42

Leaves the popliteal fossa and winds the neck around the fibula to the anterior side

Question 43

Intermittent claudication

Answer 43

Narrowing off poesterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis and can produce ischemia

Question 44

What does the posterior tibial artery become

Answer 44

It travels with the tibial nerve and divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries branch

Question 45

What does the peroneal artery supply

Answer 45

Branches to muscles of the lateral and posterior compartment

Question 46

What does the anterior tibial artery become and travel with

Answer 46

Teachers with the deep peroneal nerve a) anterior tibial recurrent artery (knee anastamosis) B) medial and lateral malleolar arteries (anastomoses at ankle) C) dorsallis pedis Arcuate artery

Question 47

Where is the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery taken

Answer 47

On the dorsal of the foot between dial and lateral maleoli

Question 48

Valgus

Answer 48

Distal bone at joint is deviated laterally away from the midline of body. All pressure. Laterally

Question 49

Varus

Answer 49

Distal bone at a joint is deviated toward midline | All pressure on medial