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HEENT/derm > embryology of the eye > Flashcards

embryology of the eye Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

2 germ layers important for formation of the eye

A

somatic mesoderm
ectoderm- neural tube

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2
Q

when do the ocular tissues form

A

begin in week 3

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3
Q

what is the embryonic structure that becomes the optic vesicle

A

diencephalon

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4
Q

first morphologic evidence of eye formation

A

presence of optic sulcus

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5
Q

optic vesicle connected to diencephalon by the

A

optic stalk

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6
Q

mesenchyme of optic formation includes what

A

neural crest cells + head mesoderm

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7
Q

optic cup is formed from what

A

optic vesicle

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8
Q

optic vesicle ventral invagination forms what

A

optic fissure/choroid fissue

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9
Q

choroid/optic fissure fuses when

A

early 5th-7th week

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10
Q

how does the optic cup close

A

dorsal to ventral direction

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11
Q

when optic cup closes what does it enclose

A

hyoid artery
ophthalmic artery
lens

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12
Q

how do the retina and RPE form in relation to each other

A

they have opposite orientations and remain as distinct layers

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13
Q

how do retinal progenitors differentiate and move

A

divide at the apical side of retina and then move to the basal side

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14
Q

how many neuronal cell types in retina

A

6

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15
Q

layers of cells in retina apical to basal

A
  1. rods and cones
  2. horizontal cells
  3. bipolar cells
  4. amacrine cells
  5. ganglion cells
    Muller cells run the entire length
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16
Q

how many glial cells types in retina

A

1

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17
Q

photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

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18
Q

S-cones see what

A

short wavelengths- blue

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19
Q

M-cones see what

A

medium wavelengths- green

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20
Q

L-cones see what

A

long wavelengths- red

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21
Q

color blindness due to white

A

absence of one or more type of cone

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22
Q

when can the child begin to see color?

A

after the first few months

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23
Q

depression in retina forms- called what

A

macula

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24
Q

what is in the macula

A

fovea

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25
what is special about fovea
light directly hits rods and cones- highest VA
26
when does fovea form
by month 7
27
vasculature of fovea
it is avascular
28
what does the fovea contain
only cones
29
what is the blind spot
the optic disk- where optic nerve inserts and no photoreceptors
30
what forms the iris stroma
neural crest and mesoderm
31
muscles of iris
dilator and sphincter pupillae
32
function of sphincter pupillae
constricts pupil- parasympathetic control
33
function of dilator pupillae
dilates pupil- sypathetic
34
where do the ciliary muscles come from
neural crest cells
35
what'd does the ciliary body consist of
pars plicata and pars plana
36
near vision activity of ciliary bodies
contracted
37
far vision activity of ciliary bodies
relaxed ciliary bodies
38
innervation of ciliary muscles
parasympathetic fibers
39
muscle responsible for near vision
circular muscle
40
muscle responsible for far vision
radial muscle
41
near vision lens
more convex
42
far vision lens
less convex
43
aqueous humor components
low protein concentration of plasma
44
trabecular meshwork derivative
neural crest
45
AH drains through what
Schlemms canal
46
Tm changes throughout life
loss of cells as we age
47
hyoid arteries surround what
lens to form the tunica vascutosa lentis (TVL)
48
what happens to lens during development
becomes avascular when TVL regresses
49
how do retinal arteries grow
from optic disk to the edge of retina
50
does the retina have lymph vessels
no
51
choriocapillaries supply what
RPE, photoreceptors and outer nuclear layers
52
vessels of photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer
avascular but supllied by choriocapillaries
53
veinous drainage of retina
vorticose veins
54
layers of inner eye - inner to outer
retina RPE Choroid layer sclera
55
sclera and choroid derivative
mesoderm
56
what's the uvea
choroid, iris, ciliary bodies
57
necessary component of iris and retina formation
Pax6
58
what do zonular fibers connect to
lens capsule
59
solid part of vitrous
vitreous body
60
liquid part of vitreous
vitreous humor
61
what makes the vitreous humor
ciliary bodies
62
what does vitreous shrinkage lead to
floaters
63
when does pupillary membrane regress
between 6th and 8th weeks
64
layers of cornea
epithelium Bowens layer stroma descemets membrane endothelium
65
vessels fo cornea
it is avascular
66
when do eyelids reopen
by week 26
67
what forms the lacrimal glands
palpebral epithelium
68
chalazion is infection of the
meibomian gland
69
hordeulum is infection of
gland of zeis
70
space between lens and retina
vitreous chamber
71
space between lens and iris
posterior chamber
72
space between cornea and lens
anterior chamber
73
congenital cataracts
opacities of lens resulting from virus or mutations
74
persistent pupillary membrane is what
problem with pupillary membrane not regressing and it will cover pupil
75
coloboma
bilateralgap or defect in some structure of eye derived from slit in optic vesicle
76
cause of coloboma
failure of closure or fusion of embryonic optic fissure
77
histological changes in retina of glaucoma
atrophy of nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer
78
change seen in optic nerve of glaucoma
optic nerve cupping
79
bulgy eyes in children
bupthalmos
80
retinal detachment site of detachment
between RPE and outer segment layers of rods and cones
81
retinal detachment consequences
can lead to blinds due to lack of blood supply
82
retinopathy of prematurity
higher oxygen environemnt at birth than normal - decrease in VegF
83
phase 1 of retinopathy of prematurity
vessel loss- low vegF
84
phase 2 of retinopathy of prematurity
vessel proliferation- neovascularization
85
anophthalmia
complete absence of ocular tissue due to failure of optic vessel formation
86
microphthalmia
small eyes associated with intrauterine infections from TORCH
87
aphakia
no lens
88
microphakia
small lens
89
retinal blastoma
retinal tumor that forms in eye in children under 5 - RB mutations and autosomal dominant
90
leukocoria
white pupil seen in retinoblastoma
91
what is the normal role of Rb
regulates the R point of the G1-S transition of cell cycle

HEENT/derm (7 decks)

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