glaucoma drugs Flashcards
alpha adrenergic affects and examples
mydriasis: open pupil
agonists: phenylephrine, oxymetazaline, clonidine
beta adrenergic affects and examples
activates AH production
antagonists: timolol
muscarinic/cholinergic receptors and effects
in sphincter pupillae: miosis
in ciliary muscles: contraction for accommodation but also opens up TM for AH outflow through conventional pathway
cholinergic agonists
contract pupil
pilocarpine
cholinergic antagonists
dilate pupil
atropine
treatment for acute angle closure w/o block
possibly miotics: pilocarpine
but risk of causing pillory block
treatment for acute angle closure w block
surgery or laser
mechanism of prostaglandin agonists and drug name
unique side effects
bimatoprost: bind o FP receptors on iris increase AH outflow
- hyperpigmentation
- do not use in pregnant women
mechanism of beta blockers and drug name
unique side effects
timolol: lowers AH production
- bradycardia and bronchospasm
mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and drug name
unique side effects
dorzolamide: lowers AH production by decreasing hydrogen and bicarb ions
- bitter taste, burning and stinging, blurred vision
mechanism of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and drug name
unique side effects
same mechanism- rarely used
- cannot use with topical CAI
- metabolic acidosis is common side effect
mechanism of cholinergic agonists and drug name
unique side effects
pilocarpine: pupillary constriction to open up TM
- systemic cholinergic effects
- may provoke pupillary block
mechanism of sympathomimetics and drug name
unique side effects
brimonidine: increase AH uveoscleral outflow and may also decrease production
- dizziness and drowsiness
- do not use with other depressants or MAOIs
