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HEENT/derm > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

afferent fibers

A

approach the CNS

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2
Q

efferent fibers

A

exit the CNS

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3
Q

nerve fiber

A

single neuron axon

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4
Q

nerve

A

many neuronal axons bundled together

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5
Q

nerve tract

A

bundle of nerve fibers between nuclei and CNS

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6
Q

soma in the PNS

A

ganglia

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7
Q

soma in the CNS

A

nuclei

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8
Q

inward current

A

cations going in, anions exiting

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9
Q

outward current

A

cations out, anions in

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10
Q

2 types of graded potentials

A

receptor potenital
post-synaptic potential

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11
Q

where are synapses

A

grey matter of CNS
ganglia
effector tissue

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12
Q

what channels are mostly at the axon terminal and dendrites

A

voltage gated CA2+ channels

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13
Q

what channels are mostly at the axon hillock and soma

A

voltage gated sodium channels

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14
Q

chemical synapses elicit what

A

receptor potentials

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15
Q

electrical synapses elicit what

A

coupling potential

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16
Q

function of V-ATPase

A

pumps protons into vesicles to create a gradient for NT to enter

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17
Q

transmitter transporter

A

fills vesicles by exchanging NT for protons

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18
Q

calcium sensor of the snare complex

A

synaptotagmin

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19
Q

ionotropic receptors are what type of receptor

A

ligand gated ion channels

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20
Q

metabotropic receptors are what type of receptor

A

G-protein coupled receptor

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21
Q

3 ways to terminate synaptic transmission

A

enzymatic degradation in the cleft
reuptake into synaptic terminal
uptake by nearby glial cells

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22
Q

types of synaptopathies

A

genetic defect in any synaptic protein
autoimmune attach of synaptic protein
toxin

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23
Q

commonly mutated genes in epilepsy

A

SCN1
KCNQ2,3
GABRG

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24
Q

treatment for epilepsy

A

reduce excitability

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25
Q

reflex circuit components

A

sensory and motor

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26
Q

corneal reflex sensory and motor nerves

A

sensory: CN V trigeminal
motor: CN VIII facial

27
Q

classical neurotransmitters size and vesicle size

A

small NT and small vesicle

28
Q

classical neurotransmitter synthesis location

A

synaptic terminal

29
Q

what potential do classical neurotransmitters elicit

A

membrane potential

30
Q

list of classical neurotransmitters

A

ACh
amino acids
catecholamines
serotonin

31
Q

amino acid neurotransmitters

A

GABA
Glycine
glutamate/aspartate

32
Q

catecholamine neurotransmitters

A

dopamine, NE, epinephrine

33
Q

non classical neurotransmitters size and vesicle size

A

large NT and large dense core vesicles

34
Q

where are non classical neurotransmitters synthesized

A

in the rough ER

35
Q

what potential do non classical neurotransmitters elicit

A

long duration response that alters NT synthesis or post synaptic receptor expression

36
Q

list of non classical NT

A

gases
endocannabinoids
peptides

37
Q

which receptor causes fast changes in membrane potential

A

ionotropic

38
Q

which receptor causes slower changes in membrane potential

A

metabotropic g-protein couples receptor

39
Q

what does each subunit of GPCR do

A

alpha: dictates downstream cellular events
beta and gamma: free to activate other enzymes

40
Q

outcome of Gs

A

stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP

41
Q

outcome of Gi

A

inhibit adenylyl cyclase so decrease cAMP

42
Q

what does PDE do

A

degrades cAMP

43
Q

outcome of Gq

A

activates PLC, increasing intracellular Ca2+

44
Q

termination of ACh signaling

A

enzymatic degradation- acetylcholinesterase

45
Q

termination of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

A

diffusion

46
Q

termination of glutamate, GABA, serotonin, NE, E and dopamine

A

cellular uptake into astrocytes or pre-synaptic terminal

47
Q

glutamate synthesis

A

from glutamine or glucose in neurons

48
Q

types of glutamate receptors

A

ionotropic: AMPA/kainate, NMDA
metabotropic: mGluR1-10

49
Q

fastes glutamate receptor

A

AMPA

50
Q

GABA/glycine mechanism

A

inhibition, but the effects will not be seen unless excitation is also occurring

51
Q

where is glycine mainly seen

A

the spinal cord

52
Q

inhibitory ionotropic receptor outcome

A

increase in chloride conductance

53
Q

GABA B receptor outcome

A

metabotropic presynaptic receptor used for negative feedback

54
Q

serotonin synthesized where

A

CNS and gut

55
Q

effects of serotonin

A

stabilizes mood, feelings of happiness and sleep patterns

56
Q

what type of NT is serotonin

A

monoamine

57
Q

histamine is synthesized from what

A

histadine

58
Q

histamine to histamine enzyme

A

histamine decarboxylase

59
Q

outcome of high frequency stimulation

A

allows Ca2+ to reach large dense core vesicles

60
Q

what are autoreceptors

A

receptors on presynaptic terminal membranes that modulate NT release and reputake

61
Q

g-protein dependent modulation of ion channels does what

A

allow for amplification

62
Q

short term changes in synaptic plasticity occur where

A

presynapse

63
Q

LTP lasts how long and where does it occur

A

days or weeks and occurs most apparently in hippocampus

HEENT/derm (7 decks)

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