Embryology of the Reproductive System

Question 1

what process has to occur for the definitive endoderm and mesoderm to form?

Answer 1

invagination of the epiblast cells through the primitive streak

Question 2

describe the 3 main groups of the mesoderm?

Answer 2

paraxial
intermediate
lateral plate

Question 3

the ____ section of the embryo undergoes cranial folding

Answer 3

sagittal

Question 4

the __ section of the embryo undergoes lateral folding

Answer 4

axial

Question 5

the urogenital system arises from what layer?

Answer 5

INTERMEDIATE mesoderm

Question 6

what is the cloaca?

Answer 6

posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts

Question 7

what cells within the yolk sac migrates to the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 7

primordial germ cells

Question 8

what forms genital ridges?

Answer 8

coelomic epithelium

Question 9

what structure forms somatic support cells for somatic support cells around primordial germ cells?

Answer 9

proliferating epithelium

Question 10

embryological form of wolffian ducts?

Answer 10

mesonephric

Question 11

embryological form of mullerian ducts?

Answer 11

paramesonephric

Question 12

the genital ducts connect to the ___ wall of the ____ sinus

Answer 12

posterior

urogenital

Question 13

sexual differentiation occurs from week _ onwards

Answer 13

7

Question 14

male development is triggered by the presence of…

Answer 14

SRY (Sex determining region of Y) transcription factor

Question 15

what do somatic support cells eventually form in males?

Answer 15

sertoli cells

Question 16

what connects the mesonephric tubules to the testis cords

Answer 16

rete testis

Question 17

what degenerates the paramesonephric duct in males and how?

Answer 17

sertoli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)

Question 18

what stimulates the production of leydig cells?

Answer 18

sertoli cells acting upon gonadal ridge cells

Question 19

testosterone induces formation of..

Answer 19

epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles

Question 20

dihydrotestosterone induces formation of…

Answer 20

induces male specific ext genitalia development and prostate

Question 21

presentation of persistent mullerian duct syndrome

Answer 21

uterus, vagina and uterine tubes with male ext genitalia

testes in ovarian location

Question 22

what vertebral level do testes originate at

Answer 22

T10

Question 23

what structure pulls testes caudally?

Answer 23

gubernaculum

Question 24

what is cryptorchidism?

Answer 24

failure of 1 or more testis to descend

Question 25

name the 3 male accessory glands

Answer 25

prostate bulbourethral gland seminal vesicle

Question 26

what triggers female development?

Answer 26

the ABSENCE of SRY transcription factor

Question 27

somatic support cells differentiate into what in females?

Answer 27

granulosa cells

Question 28

what do granulosa cells do?

Answer 28

surround primary oocyte to form primordial follicles in the ovary

Question 29

what cells stimulate oestrogen and external genitalia formation?

Answer 29

thecal cells (basically female leydig cells)

Question 30

mullerian/paramesonephric ducts give rise to...

Answer 30

uterine tubes uterus SUPERIOR vagina

Question 31

what portion of the mullerian duct opens up into the coelomic cavity?

Answer 31

cranial

Question 32

what portion of the mullerian duct crosses the mesonephric duct?

Answer 32

horizontal

Question 33

describe the relationship between the caudal portion of the mullerian duct and the mullerian duct on the other side?

Answer 33

they fuse

Question 34

what is the uterovaginal canal? what does it form?

Answer 34

fused caudal portion of both mullerian ducts | forms uterus and superior vagina

Question 35

what part of the male external genitalia is not formed by the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 35

foreskin (ectoderm) | external urethral orifice

Question 36

what is hypospadias?

Answer 36

external urethral orifice lies in an abnormal position on the ventral aspect of the penis

Question 37

what structure eventually differentiates to become the clitoris?

Answer 37

genital tubercle