HIV: Presentation Flashcards
what kind of life expectancy do those with HIV have?
near normal
target site for HIV?
CD4+
CD4 is found on what kinds of cells
CD4+ cells (these contain the receptors)
dendritic cells
macrophages
microglial cells
what do TH cells do?
recognise MHC class 2 cells
activate B and cytotoxic T cells
cytokine release
what does HIV do to CD4+ cells?
reduces circulating CD4+ cells
reduces proliferation
reduces cytokine release
reduces CD8+ cell activation
normal number of TH cells per mm cubed?
500-1600
what TH cell level puts you at risk of opportunistic infections?
<200
average time to death without treatment?
9-11 years
what happens at initial infection with the virus?
infects mucosal CD4 cells
transported to lymph nodes
dissemination of virus within 3 days
patients with primary HIV infection tend to be aysmptomatic T or F
F, present with symptoms
when do symptoms begin afterf infection?
2-4 weeks
how do patients with primary HIV infection present?
fever rash myalgia pharngitis headache aseptic meningitis
what kinds of meningitis do HIV patients get
aseptic
cryptococcal
after how long after contraction of the infection do HIV patients become asymptomatic?
3 months
presentation of pneumocystis pneumonia?
insidious onset
SOB
DRY cough
“exercise desaturation”
Ix of pneumocystis pneumonia?
CXR
bronchoalveolar lavage
immunofluorescence
(PCR)
signs on CXR of pneumocystis pneumonia?
interstitial infiltrates
reticulonodular markings
Tx of pneumocystis
high dose co-trimoxazole
(steroid)
low dose co-trimoxazole prophylactically
what kinds of TB are more common in HIV +ve individuals?
miliary
extrapulmonary
drug-resistant
CD4 levels are lower in CMV or cerebral toxoplasmosis?
CMV (<50)
name the 3 causes of CMV
the “itis”es
retinitis
colitis
oesophagitis
presentation of CMV?
reduced visual acuity floaters abdo pain diarrhoea PR bleeding
presentation of cerebral toxoplasmosis?
headache fever focal neurology seizures reduced consciousness raised ICP
main pathology in cerebral toxoplasmosis
toxoplasma gondii infection causing multiple cerebral abscesses
