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Emergency medicine Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What core temp is considered mild hypothermia

A

34-36

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2
Q

What core temp is severe hypothermia

A

<30 C

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3
Q

symptoms of severe hypothermia

A

fixed dilated pupils, v-fib

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4
Q

at what temp does a person lose their shivering reflex, have mild alterlations in consciousness, bradycardia

A

30-34

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5
Q

Treatment for hypothermia

A

warming blankets, warm IV fluids, heated O2,

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6
Q

Gold standard for severe hypothermia

A

extracorpeal blood rewarming

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7
Q

Tx for forstbite

A

rewarm, hyperbaric oxygen, surgical debridement

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8
Q

Alterations in mental status, multiorgan dysfunction, core temp >104, HA, seizures

A

heat stroke

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9
Q

symptoms of high altuitude sickness

A

HA, nausea, fatigue, weakness, insomnia

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10
Q

Tx for high altitude sickness

A

descent, oxygen, antiemetics,

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11
Q

Tx for high altitude sickness is descent isn’t possible

A

dexamethasone or acetazolamide

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12
Q

What are the 2 main classes of poisonous snakes?

A

pit vipers and elapids

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13
Q

what type snakes are elapids?

A

coral snakes, cobras

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14
Q

spider bite with severe pain, muscle spasms of abdomen and trunk, severe HTN, tachycardia

A

black widow spider

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15
Q

TX for black widow spider bite

A

narcotic analgesics, local ice, antivenom only for seriously ill

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16
Q

What does a brown recluse spider look like?

A

dark, violin shaped area on its back

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17
Q

What does the cytotoxic venom from a borwn recluse spider cause?

A

tissue necrosis and hemolysis

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18
Q

Tx for brown recluse spider bite

A

dapsone

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19
Q

antidote for anticholinergic poisoning

A

physostigmine

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20
Q

tx for anticholinesterase poisoning (physostigmine, organophosphates)

A

atropine

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21
Q

Tx for benzo OD

A

flumazenil

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22
Q

Tx for beta blocker OD

A

glucagon

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23
Q

Tx for CCB OD

A

calcium

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24
Q

Tx for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

100% oxygen

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25
Tx for cyanide poisoning
sodium nitrite
26
tx for digoxin OD
Digibind
27
Tx for iron OD
deferoxamine
28
Tx for lead OD
EDTA
29
Tx for arsenic/ mercury OD
penicillamine
30
Tx for heparin OD
protamine
31
T for isonizid OD
pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
32
Tx for methanol, ethylene glycol OD
Ethanol
33
Tx for narcotics OD
naloxone
34
Tx for tricyclic antidepressant OD
sodium bicarb
35
tx for warfarin OD
Vitamin K
36
Tx for hypovolemic shock
20 cc fluids/kg, blood +/- surgery
37
Tx for cardiogenic shock
MI treatments, vasopressors, IABP (intraaortic balloon pump)
38
Tx for anaphylactic shock
0.3-0.5 SQ einephrine, albuterol, steroids
39
Presents with fever, tachypnea, leukocytosis, HPOTN, decreased systemic vascular resistance
septic shock
40
Signs of neurogenic shock
spinal cord injury, HPOTN due to loss of vascular tone, warm flushed skin
41
how long does it take 2nd degree (partial thickness) burns to heal?
14-21 days
42
Do third degree burns heal on their own?
No
43
will third degree burns have any sensation?
no
44
For the rules of 9s , what body parts are worth "nine"
head/neck Right arm Left arm
45
For the rules of 9s which body parts are work 18?
torso front torso back Right leg left leg
46
Tx for hypernatremia
hypotnoic solution (D5W)
47
Causes of hypokalemia
diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, Cushign syndrome, Mag depletion, poor intake
48
S/S for hypokalemia
weakness, paralytic ileus, a/v tach, v fib
49
what will EKG show with hypokalemia
decreased T wave amplitude, T wave inversion, ST depression, U wave, prolonged QT< v-tach, torsades
50
Causes of hyperkalemia
renal failure, ACEI, spironolactone, digoxin, Addison's, oral potassium excess
51
ECG findings with hyperkalemia
peaked T waves, QRS widening, v-fib
52
Tx for hyperkalemia
IV calcium, IV lasix, glucose, insulin, kayexalate, albuterol, dialysis
53
causes of hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism | malignancies (bone, lyphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma)
54
drugs that can cause hypercalcemia
tamoxifen, thiazides, VIt A, VIt D
55
presents with lethargy, depression, atatxis, psychosis, neuromuscular weakness, renal stones, decreased GFR
hypercalcemia
56
what will you see in the eye with hypercalcemia?
bank keratopathy
57
Tx for hypercalcemia
hydration with normal saline, loop ciuretic, calcitonin, IV bisphosphonates
58
what is the most common cause of hypocalcemia?
chronic kidney disease
59
WHat are other causes of hypocalcemia?
hypoalbuminemia, hypoparathyroidism, VItamin D deficiency, magnesium depletion
60
S/S of hypocalcemia
tetany, paresthesias in fingers and mouth, carpopedal spasm
61
sign that is contraction of the facial muscle in response to tapping the facial nerve
Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
62
carpal spasm occuring with BP cuff inflation
Trousseau's sign (hypocalcemia)
63
what will happen to the QT interval with hypocalcemia?
prolongation of the QT interval
64
Tx for hypocalcemia
Calcium chloride, calcium gluconate
65
Tx for acute asthma attack
oxygen, Beta agonists (repeated) IV magnesium, BiPAP, intubation, systemic steroids
66
diagnosis of an acute pulmonary embolism
pulmonary angiogram
67
Tx for acute pulmonary embolism
oygen, anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapy
68
S/S of PE
acute dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachpnea, tachycardia, hypoxia
69
causes of respiratory acidosis
COPD, narcotics, airway obstruction, pneumonia
70
Tx for respiratory acidosis
BIpAP, intubation (reverse underlying process)
71
what is MUDPILES (metabolic acidosis)
``` methanol uremia diabetic ketoacidosis Paraladehyde Ibuprofen/ INH/ Iron Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates (aspiring) ```
72
causes of metabolic alkalosis
vomiting, volume depletion (diuretics), primary aldosteronism
73
Tx for metabolic alkalosis
acetazolamide
74
caues of respiratory alkalosis (pH>7.45 pCO2<350
hyperventlation, early shock, CVA, anxiety, pulmonary disease
75
S/S of respiratory alkalosis
circumoral and digitial paresthesias, carpopedeal spasm, dizziness, confusion

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