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PANCE > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

a radiculopathy involving lumbar nerves 2-4 causes what?

A

creased hip flexion and knee extension

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2
Q

a non-dermatomal neuropathy that often follows soft tissue injuries or fractures. Presents with limb pain, swelling, reduced ROM, skin changes.

A

Complex regional pain syndrome

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3
Q

Tx for complex regional pain syndrome

A

gabapentin, TCAs, bisphosphnates, steroids

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4
Q

what may an x-ray show with complex regional pain syndrome

A

patchy demineralization

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5
Q

causes of slow onset peripheral neuropathy

A

DM, uremia, B12 deficiency, HIV

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6
Q

Hereditary peripheral neuropathy. Early distal muscles weakness/ difficultly running. Loss of reflexes, “stork leg deformity” and hammer toe. WIll have sensory loss. Sleep apnea common

A

Hereditary Charcot-Marie Tooth

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7
Q

sponaneous, continuous leg movement at rest. Associated with unpleasent paresthesiasas. Associated with iron def anemia, end stage renal dz, MS, DM

A

Restless leg syndrome

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8
Q

Tx for RLS

A

dopaine agonist (pramipexole, ropinirole)

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9
Q

what is ramsay hunt syndrome?

A

zoster + bell’s palsy

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10
Q

Tx for bell’s palsy

A

oral steroids, antivirals in severe cases. need artifical tears/ eye ointments at night

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11
Q

what is the most common cranial neuropathy associated with lyme meningitits

A

facial nerve plasy (CN VII)

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12
Q

Pnuemonic for warfarin indications

A

CHADs(2) CHF, HTN, >75, DM Stroke (2 point), if any are greater than 2= warfarin therapy

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13
Q

Pneumonic for posterior circulation stroke (VANISH’D)

A

Vertigo, ataxia, nystamus, intention tremor, slurred speech, hell-shin test, dysdiadochkinesia, broad based gait

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14
Q

location of brain tumor that presents with kip smakcing, olfactory or gustatotry hallucinations

A

temporal lobe

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15
Q

lobe with sensory seizures or sensory loss

A

parietal lobe

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16
Q

shape of epidural bleed on CT

A

biconvex lens shaped appearance

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17
Q

shape of subdural bleed on CT

A

crescent-shapped

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18
Q

tx for subdural hematoma

A

burr holes or craniotomy

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19
Q

hallmark of sturge weber syndrome

A

port wine stain

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20
Q

type of simple partial motor seizure where there are small jerking movements at the hand or face then spread to other motor areas.

A

Jacksonian seizure

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21
Q

first line drug for partial seizures

A

carbamazepine

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22
Q

first line drug for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

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23
Q

antiepileptic taht is teratogenic, can result in gum hypertophy.

A

phenytoin

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24
Q

antiepileptic that is highly teratogenic and will reduce efficacy of OCPs

A

sodium valproate

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25
Q

how do most antiepileptic drugs work?

A

inhibit sodium channels

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26
Q

tx for status epilepticus

A

lorazepam IV, IV phenytoin to follow .I f refractory then phenobarbital

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27
Q

hyperkinetic moement disorder that occurs w/ delayed onset after prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs, and meotclopramide

A

tardive dyskinesia

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28
Q

Tx for guillain-Barre

A

plasma exhcange, IVIG

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29
Q

LP findings with guillain-barre

A

elevated CSF protein with normal CSF WBC

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30
Q

Most common infection that proceededs guillain barre

A

campylobacter jejuni (also CMV, epstein-Barr, HIV)

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31
Q

Signs of autonomic dysfunction with guillain barre

A

tachycardia, urinary retnteion, loss of sweating, ileus

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32
Q

Tx for myasthenia gravis

A

pyridostigmine, immunosupressants, thymectomy, acute plasmapharesis and IVIG (short duration)

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33
Q

4 meds that can cause guillain barre

A

aminoglycoside abx, mag sulfate, penicillamine, interferson alpha

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34
Q

tx for bacterial meningitits

A

dexamethasone, ceftriaxone, vanco, amipcillin

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35
Q

number of cause of asepctic meningitits

A

enterovirus

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36
Q

flexion of the hips during attempted passive flexion of the neck

A

Brudzinskis sign

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37
Q

inability to allow full extension of the knee when hip is flexed at ninety degrees

A

Kernig’s sign

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38
Q

negri bodies are associated with with?

A

rabies

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39
Q

dementia with fluctuating cognition, recurrent visual hallucinations, and spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism

A

dementia w/ lewy bodies

40
Q

dementia with fluctuating cognition, recurrent visual hallucinations, and spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism

A

dementia w/ lewy bodies

41
Q

CN palsy that presents with medial turning of affected eye

A

CN VI (abducens

42
Q

CN palsy that presents with vertical diploplia

A

CN IV (trochlear)

43
Q

Radiating electrical sensation down the spine with neck flexion seen in patients with MS

A

Lhermitte’s phenomenon

44
Q

Dx test for myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium (Tensilon) test

45
Q

CSF findings w/ myasthenia gravis

A

albuminocytologic dissociation

46
Q

Tx for huntington’s chorea

A

tetrabenazine

47
Q

reflexive, sustained eye blinking in response to repetitive taping just above the nasal bridge between the eyes. Observed in individuals with parkinsons

A

Myerson sign

48
Q

nerve that supplies the 4th and 5th digits

A

ulnar nerve

49
Q

injuries to this area cause pain and weakness of the shoulder and sensory problems of the lateral arm

A

bracial plexus

50
Q

nerve that supplies the dorsal hand

A

radial

51
Q

DOC in trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepina/ oxcarbazepine

52
Q

presents with foot drop and lateral paresthesais. Often due to compress of the nerve at the head and neck of the fibula

A

peroneal nere contusion

53
Q

presents with pain or paresthesia of the outer aspect of teh thigh

A

meralgia paresthetica

54
Q

presents with weakness and wasting of the quadriceps muscles

A

femoral neuropathy

55
Q

what will an absence seizures show on EEG

A

spike and wave activity

56
Q

what will an absence seizures show on EEG

A

spike and wave activity

57
Q

are anticholinergics helpful with bradykinesia in parkinson

A

No, only helpful with tremor and rigidity

58
Q

condition with cavitary destruction within the spinal cord resulting in both motor and sensory deficits

A

syringomyelia

59
Q

what PE finding supports a diagnosis of mesencephalic lesion

A

downward conjugate deviation

60
Q

a lateral conjugate deviation supports a lesion where?

A

pontine lesion

61
Q

a lack of doll’s eye response indicates a lesion where?

A

brainstem

62
Q

long-standing prion disease. manifests with parkinsonian features, dementia, jerking movements

A

creutzfeldt-jakob syndrome

63
Q

an occlusion in what artery often results in homonymous hemianopia

A

middle cerebral artery

64
Q

what is alexia?

A

inability to understand written words

65
Q

alexia is seen in what type of occlusion?

A

posterior cerebral artery

66
Q

most common organism isolated in dog or cat bites

A

pasturella

67
Q

dopamine agonist that is initial treatment of choice for prolactinoma

A

cabergoline

68
Q

what does sciatic nerve impingement cause?

A

loss of ankle deep tendon reflex, weakness of hamstring muscles, decreased sensation over the lateral calf and heel

69
Q

what does sciatic nerve impingement cause?

A

loss of ankle deep tendon reflex, weakness of hamstring muscles, decreased sensation over the lateral calf and heel

70
Q

weakness of the gastrocnemius muscle (plantar flexion) Is specific for what radiculopathy?

A

S1

71
Q

antidote for atropine poisoning

A

physostigmine

72
Q

which CN moves eye down and medial

A

trochlear (IV)

73
Q

which CN does lateral eye movement

A

abducens (VI)

74
Q

constant, generalized HA with possible visual loss. Will have elevated CSF opening pressure.

A

pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracrnail HTN)

75
Q

type of partial seizure that often has an aura

A

complex partial seizure

76
Q

Tremor that improves with alcohol

A

essential tremor

77
Q

what can make an essential tremor worse

A

stress, lack of sleep, caffeine

78
Q

tx for essential tremor

A

beta blockers, primidone

79
Q

4 cardinal signs of parkinsons

A

rigidity, bradykinesia, restin tremor postural instability

80
Q

2 treatments for MS

A

steroids, interferon-B

81
Q

impaired attention and cognition, motor hyper or hypoactivity, altered states of arousal

A

delirium

82
Q

impaired attention and cognition, motor hyper or hypoactivity, altered states of arousal

A

delirium

83
Q

most common cause of bacterial meningitits in adults

A

strep pneumoniae

84
Q

if mengitits is caused by listeria (common in immunocomprpomised people) what must be added?

A

ampicillin

85
Q

Upper and lower motor neuron dysfuction. Loss of speech, progressive weakness

A

ALS

86
Q

what growth can be present in patients with myastehnia gravis?

A

Thymoma

87
Q

presents with dry mouth, diploplia, dysphagia, dyarthria, descending weakness

A

botulism

88
Q

most common neuroectodermal tumor

A

astrocytoma

89
Q

agressive anaplastic type of astrocytoma, enhancing irregular mass, poor prognosis

A

glioblastoma multiforme

90
Q

Most common mesodermal trumor, usually benign and slow growing. can cause HA, seizure, focal signs

A

meningiomas

91
Q

most common CN tumor

A

schwannomas

92
Q

most common brian tumor overall

A

metastatic tumors

93
Q

How do MAO-B inhibitors help with parkinsons

A

inhibit catabolism of dopamine

94
Q

examples of MAO-B inhibitors

A

rasagiline, selegiline

95
Q

examples of MAO-B inhibitors

A

rasagiline, selegiline

96
Q

condition associated with AVM

A

osler-weber-rendu

97
Q

encephalitits with falccid paralysis + maculopapular rash is due to what?

A

west nile virus

PANCE (14 decks)

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