Emotion and the Amygdala

Question 1

phineas gage

Answer 1

medial prefrontal lobe damage

planning
emotion

Question 2

darwins theory of emotion

Answer 2

particular emotional responses (facial expressions) accompany the same mental states

shows what an animal will do next
if the signal benefits the animal it will evolve
principle of antithesis (opposite movements = opposite emotions)

Question 3

James Lange Theory

Answer 3

physiological theory of emotion

emotion inducing sensory stimuli received and interpreted by the cortex
changes ANS and skeletal muscles

behaviour after an event triggers emotion (feedback from ANS/SNS)

Question 4

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 4

emotional stimuli have 2 independant excitatory factors

• excite feeling of emotion in brain
• expression of emotion in ANS/SNS

parallel process

Question 5

modern biopsychological view

Answer 5

3 principle factors

• perception of an emotional stimulus
• A/SNS response
• experience of emotion

each influences the other two

Question 6

sham rage

Answer 6

hypothalamus must be left in brain (in decorticate rats)

respond in an over violent way which is not direct

Question 7

limbic system and emotion

Answer 7

controlled by interconnected nuclei (limbic system)
expressed through circuit on hypothalamus
experienced through the cortex

Question 8

Kluver-Bucey syndrome

Answer 8

anterior lobe removed/damage to the amygdala

eat anything
increased sexual activity
investigate familiar objects (often with mouth)
lack of fear

Question 9

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 9

happy face = experience things in a more positive way

Question 10

microexpressions

Answer 10

brief expressions of real emotion

Question 11

orbicularis ovuli

Answer 11

skin pulled to eye in real smile

Question 12

zygomaticus major

Answer 12

corners of lips rise up

Question 13

topography

Answer 13

form of aggression

Question 14

amygdala and fear conditioning

Answer 14

medial geniculate nucleus - blocks fear conditioning to a tone (direct pathway)
- thalamus (medial geniculate nucleus) strait to the amygdala

via the auditory cortex to the amygdala (indirect route)

then goes to the hypothalamus (sympathetic response)
or
the periaqueductal grey (behavioural response)

Question 15

lateral nucleus of amygdala

Answer 15

acquisition, storage and expression of fear

Question 16

prefrontal cortex

Answer 16

suppress conditioned fear response

Question 17

hippocampus

Answer 17

context related fear

Question 18

central nucleus of amygdala

Answer 18

defensive behaviour

Question 19

mirror neurons

Answer 19

similar responses when someone experiences, thinks about or watched someone experience something

Question 20

Patient S.P.

Answer 20

part of the amygdala removed

couldn’t process facial fear emotions

Question 21

Urbach-Weithe disease

Answer 21

genetic disorder
calcification of the amygdala and other medial temporal areas

lose ability to recognise fear and can’t describe fearful situations

Question 22

medial prefrontal lobes

Answer 22

emotion + cognition sites
active in both suppression paradigms
and
reappraisal paradigms

Question 23

suppression paradigms

Answer 23

inhibit emotional reactions

Question 24

reappraisal paradigms

Answer 24

reinterpret something to change an emotional response

Question 25

right hemisphere model

Answer 25

all aspects of emotional processing on right side (perception, expression and experience)

Question 26

valance model

Answer 26

right hemisphere specialised for negative emotion and left for positive