Stress and the Immune Response Flashcards
(23 cards)
stress response
all stressors produce physiological responses
Hans Selye
ST stress = adaptive changes that help the animal respond to stress
LT stress = maladaptive changes
stress
activates the anterior pituitary adrenal cortex
stimulating the release of ACTH
which triggers the release of glucocorticoids (best way to measure)
sympathetic nervous system adrenal medulla system
affects the immune response by increasing levels of cytokines
activate SNS
sympathetic nervous system
increasing levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine
conspecifics
members of the same species
subordination stress
when younger males are introduced to alpha males they are attacked
- they are then more likely to do this themselves
h pylori
combined with stress = gastric ulcers
psychosomatic disorders
gastric ulcers
involve stress and an illness
psychoneuroimmunoligy
study of interaction among psychological factors, nervous system and immune system
innate immune system
reacts quickly near sites of pathogens
activated when toll-like receptors bind to molecules on the surface of pathogens
inflammation
immune response
release of chemicals from damaged cells (cytokines - help heal) which attract teratogens (white blood cells) and phagocytes (engulf and destroy pathogens)
microglia
form of phagocyte in CNS
phagocytosis
destruction of pathogens
adaptive immune system
slower, only in primates, specific antigens, has memory
main cells are specialised leukocytes (lymphocytes) - produced in bone marrow B cells and T cells cell mediated immunity antibody mediated immunity memory B cells
B cells
antibody mediated immunity
T cells
cell mediated immunity
cell mediated immunity
T cells
phagocyte ingests pathogen
displays its microbodies on its T cells
then multiplies
antibody mediated immunity
B cells bind to a foreign antigen
they multiply and create antibodies
they bind and destroy pathogens
memory B cells
for the specific antigen are also produced during the process:
have long life
accelerate antibody-mediated immunity if there is another infection by the same microorganism.
eustress
positive stress
distress
negative stress
how does it affect immune function?
anterior-pituitary adrenal cortex system
changes throughout the body
indirect - loss of sleep, poor diet
hippocampus
linked to stress
mediated by high levels of glucocorticoids
