Genetics Flashcards
(28 cards)
Mendel
inheritance in pea plants
dichotomous traits
occur in one form or another
dominant trait
appears in all 1st generation
recessive trait
1/4 of second generation
phenotype
observable traits
genotype
genetic material
homozygous
identical alleles
heterozygous
different alleles
two genes controlling the same trait
alleles
where are genes found?
chromosomes
how many chromosomes are there?
23 pairs
meiosis
cell division producing gametes (sex cell division)
mitosis
chromosomes double then split
all non sex cells
genetic recombination
genetic diversity increase (cross over at random points)
what does DNA stand for?
deoxyribosenucleic acid
what is each strand of DNA made of?
nucleotide basis
adenine - thymine
guanine - cytosine
replication
makes mitotic cell division possible
autosomal chromosome
typical
matched pairs chromosomes
sex chromosomes
non identical chromosomes that determine sex
structural genes
synthesise proteins (long chains of amino acids)
non structural genes
allow the development of different cells
contain enhancers
- stretches of DNA that determine what structural genes produce proteins at what rate
gene expression
how a gene will develop
transcription factors
protein binded to DNA controlling expression
expression of a structural gene
small section of chromosome that contain gene unravels
serves as a base for ribonucleic acid (RNA) + nucleotide base uracil = phosphate ribose backbone = messenger RNA (mRNA)
mRNA attaches to ribosome in cytoplasm - moves along DNA translating genetic code
codon - group of 3 consecutive nucleotide basis along mRNA (instructs what amino acid is being constructed)
transfer RNA - carries amino acid to ribosome
