Emotional States 1

Question 1

components of emotion

Answer 1

1. Physiological components
2. Overt behaviors
3. Cognitive processes

Question 2

Theories of emotion

Answer 2

1. Evolutionary theory
2. James-Lange theory
3. Cannon-Bard theory
4. Schachter-Singer (‘Two-factor’) theory
5. Appraisal / Cognitive theories
6. LeDoux / Zajonc theories

Question 3

physiological components of emotion ?

Answer 3

autonomic state of a person

Question 4

overt behaviours of emotion ?

Answer 4

postural, tone of voice, facial expression

Question 5

cognitive process of emotion ?

Answer 5

subjective feeling - memory

Question 6

who propsed evolutionary theory of emotion ?

Answer 6

Charles darwin

Question 7

Ekman 1960s proposed 7 different emotional states?

he also categorised what ?

Answer 7

happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise,
disgust, contempt

produced cross-cultural atlas of facial expressions
categorised ‘micro facial expressions’ (indicators of
deception

Question 8

James-Lange theory 1845?

Answer 8

Sensory stimuli evoke autonomic arousal and skeletal

actions, which trigger the experience of an emotion

Question 9

Cannon-Bard theory (1900s)

Answer 9

Stimuli evoke both emotional experience and physical

arousal simultaneously but independently

Question 10

Schachter & Singer ‘Two-factor theory of emotion’

1962

Answer 10

An emotional state is the result of interaction between
physiological activation and cognitive interpretation of
that arousal
(NOT INDEPENDENT)

Question 11

what really effects our emotional response to a situation ?

Answer 11

prior knowledge of that situation

Question 12

Appraisal theories (cognitive theories)
Arnold (1950-60’s)

Answer 12

Emotion is the product of unconscious evaluation of
a situation as potentially harmful or beneficial, while
feeling is the conscious reflection of the
unconscious appraisal

Question 13

Appraisal theories (cognitive theories)
Lazarus (1960s)-
also described ?

Answer 13

Specified two types of appraisal:
Primary - relevance of the situation to person’s
goals, values and experiences
Secondary - identify possible actions / options

coping mechanisms (direct actions and
cognitive reappraisal processes)

Question 14

Lazarus
‘Transactional model of Stress and Coping’
Five emotion-focused coping strategies:

Answer 14

• disclaiming,
• escape-avoidance,
• accepting
  responsibility or blame,
• exercising self-control,
• positive reappraisal.

Question 15

facial feedback hypothesis ?

Answer 15

Facial movements can influence emotional experience

Modification of the James-Lange theory -
bodily feedback modulates the experience of an
emotion

Question 16

Duchenne smile ?

Answer 16

A genuine (‘Duchenne’) smile (B)
involves contraction of orbicularis oculi
(raising the cheeks and resulting in
lines around the eyes)
as well as of contraction of zygomatic
major (raising the corners of the
mouth)

Question 17

Pan Am’ smile

Answer 17

fake smile doesnt reach eyes

most common non verbal lies

Question 18

Darwins evolutionary theory points ?

Answer 18

animal emotions are homologues for human emotions

emotion evolved from behaviours
(are vestigial patterns of action

opposite messages are signalled by opposite
movements and postures

limited set of basic emotions are common across
species and cultures