Emotional States 3 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Rolls theory of emotion ?
Orbitofrontal PFC is involved in ‘learning the
emotional and motivational value of stimuli
amygdala elicits learned emotional responses
- orbitofrontal cortex corrects or adjusts responses
according to reinforcing value of environmental stimuli
Damasio (1990s) - showed lesions to the VM PFC lead patients to ?
patients can recognise social situations but cant generate appropriate response
also cant conceptualize the consequences of a particular response
-respond with less consideration
primary reinforcers ?
secondary ?
sexual partner, food , drink
money (predicts primary reinforcers)
Damasio “Somatic marker hypothesis”
(1990s)?
what are somatic markers ?
physiological state is represented in the VM PFC and used to bias decision making
“Somatic markers” are feelings in the body that are associated with emotions, such as the association of rapid heartbeat with anxiety or of nausea with disgust
what is the Iowa gambling task ?
psychological task which simulates
‘emotion-based’ learning / decision making
How does the Iowa gambling task work ?
there are good decks - small rewards - less losses = longterm gain
bad decks - large rewards - more losses = shorterm gain
Control subjects learn to ignore immediate rewards and become sensitive to delayed rewards. They learn to do this based on ‘hunches’.
Control subjects display bodily responses (SCRs) in anticipation of poor card choices. Damasio called these ‘somatic markers’
what are SCRs ?
skin conduction responses
change in bodily responses effects people decision making unless damage to PFC
what dis Davidson say about PFC role in regulation of emotional response ?
PFC involved in “top-down” regulation
PFC sends “bias-signals” to other parts of brain to
guide behaviour to the most adaptive current goals,
ie. PFC promotes adaptive goals over immediate
emotional gratification
what is the “Valence-asymmetry hypothesis ?
Left PFC – appetitive (positive) goals
Right PFC – withdrawal (negative) goals
right hemisphere processes ‘negative’ emotions
Left hemisphere processes ‘positive’ emotions
The anterior cingulate cortex is a
cross roads for integration of info
What kind of info does the ACC integrate ?
ACC is the point of integration of bodily, attentional
and emotional information that is involved in the
regulation of affect / emotion and other forms of topdown control
3 main functions of ACC in emotional response?
ACC is a key substrate of the conscious experience
of emotion
ACC is the central representation of ANS arousal
ACC is involved in error detection and conflict
monitoring
Patients with damage to the ACC preform badly in what test ?
emotional Stroope - can’t overcome conflict between word and image
what is the emotional stroope test ?
involves pictures depicting facial expressions of emotion with words over the picture that dont correspond to the emotion being shown on the picture
ACC integrates info and detects errors in what ?
judgement and conflict
What is the dorsal cognitive subdivision of the ACC connected to and what does it do ?
the PFC and parietal cortex
processes ‘top-down’ and
‘bottom-up’ signals
what is the ventral affective subdivision of ACC connected to and what does it do ?
connected to amygdala,
hypothalamus, insula
- assesses importance of
emotional signals
Neural correlates of “appraisal” theories
what are the ventral and dorsal system important for ?
(i) identification of emotional significance of a
stimulus
(ii) production of an affective state in response to (i)
(iii) regulation of the affective state
1. Ventral system important for (i) and (ii) and
autonomic regulation
2. Dorsal system important for (iii)
Right hemisphere hypothesis
emphasised a role for the right hemisphere
in all aspects of emotional processing
- refined to propose that hemispheric
specialisation is restricted to perception, not
experience, of emotion
Evidence for right hemisphere asymmetry hypothesis
Patients with damage to right hemisphere have
trouble recognising facial expressions and prosody
(emotional tone of voice).
Emotionally-upsetting pictures viewed in left visual
field evoked greater changes in b.p. and h.r. than
when viewed in right visual field.
Subjects show left-ear advantage for identifying
prosody and right-ear advantage for understanding
meaning
Left-left composites are rated as more emotional than right-right composites
