When was Sati banned in India?
Who banned it?
It was banned in 1829 by the governor-general Bentick.
How many British troops were kept in India in the 1880’s?
During the 1880’s, 70,000 British troops were stationed in India, alongside 125,000 India sepoys.
When was Queen Victoria made Empress of India?
Victoria was made Empress of India in 1877.
What % of Indian tax revenue was spent on the Indian army?
30%
What % of Indian tax revenue was spent on Education in 1880?
Less than 1%
What percentage of Indian public expenditure was spent on British home charges?
25%
What are the four arguments that the British Raj was beneficial for India?
Economic development
Social change
Benefits to working people
Favourable comparison with china
What are the arguments about the negatives of British rule?
Economic
Social segregation/ racism
Drain theory/ refusal to spend money on improving living standards of Indians
Unfavourable comparison with China
What statistics show that the British had a favourable impact on the Indian economy.
£380 million pounds in Investment by 1913, Over 35,000 miles of railway built by 1921. Taxes 20-40% lower than in Europe. India became 4th biggest producer of textiles in the world.
What is the evidence for a positive British impact on the welfare of the Indian population?
Britain introduced famine codes, famine was alleviated due to British railway construction, increase in educational opportunities- 5000 secondary schools by 1901
What was the evidence that the British had a negative impact on the Indian economy
Destruction of indigenous industries such as cloth making and ship-building as they were unable to compete with British imports. Indian per capita income hardly grew under the raj, whilst the British grew rapidly.
What social benefits and reforms did Britain bring to India?
Britain brought freedom of religion and a law that applied equally to all (Indians), as well as outlawing ‘evil practices such as sati and thuggism’
Who first expounded the drain theory and when?
Dadabhai Naroji first wrote about it in 1901.
When were Indians first allowed to join the ICS?What percentage of the Indian Civil service was of Indian descent by 1900?
Indians were first allowed to join in 1858 (in the aftermath of the mutiny) but by 1900 only 5% of the civil service were Indian.
What percentage of British investment was targeted at India during 1857-1900?
25%
How many secondary schools had the British built in India by 1901? How many potential doctors, lawyers and teachers had been trained by then?
5000 schools were built and 60,000 potential members of a new middle class had been trained.
What was the Ilbert Bill, when was it proposed and why was it controversial?
The Ilbert Bill of 1883 proposed that Indian Judges should be allowed to sit in judgement of white europeans. This was strongly opposed by the Anglo-Indian community and the compromise was agreed that if there was an Indian judge, the jury should be at least 1/2 white.
On what emotive grounds did european women oppose the Ilbert bill?
Many Anglo-Indian women who opposed the bill further argued that Bengali women, whom they characterized as “ignorant”, were abused by Bengali men, who should therefore not be given the right to judge cases involving white women.
What did the Ilbert Bill lead to?
The furore around the Ilbert Bill led to the emergence of the INC in 1885 (two years after), imitating British campaigning groups to provide pro Indian pressure.
What led to the founding of the INC in 1885?
The aftermath of the compromise on the Ilbert Bill that British pressure groups forced in 1883, convinced many members of the Bhadralok that Indians needed their own pressure groups.
What excuse was given for the partition of Bengal in 1905?
Bengal was partitioned in 1905 under the cover that Bengal was far too big to administer effectively - a state of around 80 million people!
What was the Swadeshi Movement?
The Swadeshi (or self-sufficiency) movement was led by Indian nationalists in the Bengal area - it boycotted British goods in response to the partition of Bengal.
What was Abhinav Bharat and when was it founded?
Abhinav Bharat (young India) was founded in 1903. It was a secret society dedicated to armed revolution/violence against British rule.
What were the Morley Minto reforms of 1909?
They increased Indian participation in their rule - introducing the Indian Councils Act which elected Indians to the Viceroy’s council as well as reforms to provincial councils, which elected Indians to local legislative councils
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