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Emergency Care > EMT Chapters 19, 18, & 21 > Flashcards

EMT Chapters 19, 18, & 21 Flashcards

0
Q

Wheezing is…

A

Narrowed airways

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1
Q

What is a symptom of both pulmonary edema and pneumonia?

A

Crackles

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2
Q

Stridor is…

A

Partial airway obstruction

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3
Q

What sound is stridor?

A

High pitched on inspiration

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4
Q

What diseases fall under COPD?

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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5
Q

Emphysema is destruction of ____ _____.

A

Alveolar sacs

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6
Q

Emphysema decreases what?

A

Surface area of alveolar sacs

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7
Q

_____ _____ is known as pink puffer because of their pursed lips.

A

Emphysema patients

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8
Q

What device is used on pulmonary edema?

A

CPAP

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9
Q

Which COPD produces a productive cough?

A

Chronic bronchitis

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10
Q

_______ is high CO2 levels

A

Hypercapnia

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11
Q

Asthma is an ____ disease

A

Episodic

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12
Q

What is the order of progression of asthmatics?

A

i) expiration wheezing
ii) inspiration and expiration wheezing
iii) silent

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13
Q

Asthmatics have a ____ couch.

A

Nonproductive

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14
Q

Pulmonary edema is a result of what?

A

Left sided heart failure.

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15
Q

What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

A collapsed lung.

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16
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Unilateral lung sounds
Deviated trachea
Unequal chest rise

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17
Q

What is hemoptysis?

A

Coughing up blood

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18
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Vomiting blood

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19
Q

What is the function of beta blockers

A

They slow the heart rate

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20
Q

Nitroglycerin does what?

A

Reduces preload and decreases pressure

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21
Q

Sudden death occurs _____ after the onset of symptoms

A

2 hours

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22
Q

When examining the abdomen check for…

A

Distension and and rigidity

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23
Q

What do you check for when examining the neck?

A

JVD and medical tag

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24
Q

What are the 5 patient rights?

A 
Right patient
Right time 
Right medication
Right dose
Right route
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25
Q

What are examples of opioids?

A

Heroine
Morphine
Phentanyl
Oxycodone

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26
Q

ALOC is an acronym that mean…

A

Altered Level of Consciousness

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27
Q

What is AEIOU?

A 
A - Alcohol
E - Environment/Epilepsy 
I - Insulin
O - Overdose
U - Uremia
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28
Q

What is TIPS?

A

T - trauma
I - infection
P - psychosis
S - stroke

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29
Q

AEIOU- TIPS is what?

A 
A - alcohol/anoxia
E - environment/epilepsy
I - Insulin
O - overdose
U - uremia

T - trauma
I - infection
P - psychosis
S - stroke

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30
Q

What is uremia?

A

Kidney failure

31
Q

What is the most common cause of AMS?

A

Hypoxia/hypercapnia

32
Q

What is the function of dialysis?

A

It medically removes toxins from blood.

33
Q

What organ in the body produces insulin?

A

Pancreas

34
Q

What structure in the pancreas produces insulin?

A

Islets of Langerhan

35
Q

What are four causes of hypoglycemia?

A

Bad diet
No insulin regulation
Increased exercise
Increased vomiting

36
Q

What are 3 causes of hyperglycemia?

A

Too much glucose intake
Not enough insulin
Infection

37
Q

What are the signs of hyperglycemia?

A

Dehydration
Excessive thirst
Drowsiness
Excessive urination

38
Q

What are the signs of hypoglycemia?

A 
Grumpy
Combative
Dizzy 
Sweaty
Shaky
Moody
Tiredness
Blurred vision
39
Q

What is DKA?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

40
Q

Which type of diabetics is DKA is most common in?

A

Type one

41
Q

What is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Infection

42
Q

Explain diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

It is when muscles use fats for fuel instead of glucose and ketones are produced as a byproduct making the body acidic.

43
Q

What are ketones?

A

Acids produced when the body uses fats for fuel

44
Q

What byproduct is produced when the body uses fats for fuel?

A

Ketones

45
Q

What is acidosis?

A

When ketones build up in the blood.

46
Q

What is the onset time of diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

4-10 hours

47
Q

What type of respirations do diabetic ketoacidosis patients have?

A

Kussmal respirations

48
Q

What is the normal ph range of a healthy human?

A

7.35-7.45

49
Q

Where do physicians normally find ketones?

A

In urination

50
Q

What are kussmal respirations?

A

Fast, deep, gasping

51
Q

What does a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis look like?

A 
Polyuria
Dehydration
High blood glucose
Tachycardia
Kussmal respirations
52
Q

What is AVPU?

A

Alert
Verbal stimulus
Painful stimulus
Unresponsive

53
Q

What is the cause of seizures?

A

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain?

54
Q

Which seizure effects one part/side of the body?

A

Partial seizure

55
Q

What seizures are partial seizures?

A

Focal motor & Jacksonian March seizures

56
Q

Focal motor and Jacksonian March seizures are which type?

A

Partial seizures

57
Q

Name the phases of generalized grand mal seizures?

A 
Aura
Tonic phase 
Clonic phase
Post ichtal phase
Lucid
58
Q

What phase in a grand mal seizure exhibits rigid stiffness?

A

Tonic phase

59
Q

what phase of a grand mal seizure exhibits jerking activity?

A

Clinic phase

60
Q

Which seizure is brief and shows no motor activity?

A

Petit mal seizures

61
Q

Which type of seizure occurs in children ages 6 months to 3 years?

A

Febrile

62
Q

In which phase of a grand mal seizure is the patient combative/confused?

A

Post ichtal phase

63
Q

What is a person who has multiple seizures?

A

Epilepsy

64
Q

Multiple seizures from an unknown cause is what?

A

Idopathic

65
Q

A patient who has ______ _______ has multiple seizures without a lucid interval.

A

Status epilepticus

66
Q

What is loss of bladder/bowel control?

A

Incontinence

67
Q

What are the two types of strokes?

A

Ischemic & hemorrhagic

68
Q

Majority of strokes are _____.

A

Ischemic

69
Q

What causes ischemic stokes?

A

A clot or embolus

70
Q

What are two causes of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Cerebral aneurysm

Long standing HTN

71
Q

What are warning sings of a stroke?

A

Sudden numbness/weakness
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, seeing, walking
Sudden loss of balance/dizziness
Sudden severe headache of unknown cause

72
Q

How do you assess a stroke?

A

Cincinnati stroke scale

73
Q

What is an important question to ask a potential stroke patient?

A

When was the last time he/she/you were normal?

74
Q

What is TIA?

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

75
Q

The symptoms of a TIA usually resolve in _________?

A

24 hours

76
Q

____ of TIA patients will have a stroke within ____ of TIA.

A

40% ; 2 days

Emergency Care (8 decks)

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