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Oral Histology > Enamel > Flashcards

Enamel Flashcards

(91 cards)

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0
Q

Color of enamel?

A

White to grayish white

Translucent

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1
Q

% of mineralization of enamel?

A

96-98%

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2
Q

True or false. After eruption, enamel increases density?

A

True

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3
Q

True or false. After eruption, enamel becomes less permeable?

A

True

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4
Q

Substances that enamel allow to flow through? (2)

A
  • Water
  • Alcohol
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5
Q

Texture of enamel?

A

Smooth and glossy

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6
Q

Specific gravity of enamel?

A

2.8

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7
Q

Chemical formula of hydroxyapatite?

A

CaPO4

Fluorine and chlorine can be substituted for OH groups

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8
Q

Organic content of enamel?

A

Enamel proteins (2-4%)

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9
Q

Enamel proteins are collagenous or non-collagenous?

A

Non-collagenous

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10
Q

Loss of function of amelogenin would cause?

A

Thin enamel without enamel rods

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11
Q

It inhibits lateral growth of hydroxyapatite?

%?

A

Amelogenins; 90%

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12
Q

Hydrophobic proteins rich in proline, histidine and glutamine?

A

Amelogenin

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13
Q

Enamel protein found mostly in newly formed enamel?

A

Ameloblastin

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14
Q

Loss of ameloblastin would cause?

A
  • Terminal branching
  • Detachment of ameloblast from dentin
  • Amelogenesis aborts
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15
Q

Largest but least abundant enamel protein?

A

Enamelin

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16
Q

Fundamental organizational unit of enamel?

A

Enamel rods

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17
Q

Shape of immature enamel rods?

A

Hexagonal

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19
Q

General direction of enamel rods?

A

Perpendicular to DEJ

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19
Q

Direction of enamel rods under pits and fissure?

A

Tentlike

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20
Q

Direction of enamel rods in proximal?

A

Horizontal

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21
Q

Direction of enamel rods in cervical of deciduous teeth?

A

Coronally oblique

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22
Q

Direction of enamel rods cervical of permanent teeth?

A

Apically oblique

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23
Q

Its crystals are oriented in a different direction from enamel rod?

A

Interrod enamel

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24
Accounts for the fish scale appearance?
Enamel rod sheath
25
True or false. Enamel rod sheath contains more inorganic material than enamel rod and interrod enamel?
False. Enamel rod sheath is more organic
26
True or false. Enamel rod sheath are more acid resistant.
True
27
True or false. Enamel rod sheath covers the entire rod.
False
28
Incremental lines of enamel?
Striae of Retzius
29
Striae of Retzius run from the DEJ in an ________ direction to the occlusal surface.
Oblique
30
Shape of striae of retzius over the dentinal core?
Horseshoe shaped
31
In cross section, striae of retzius appears as?
Concentric rings
32
It marks the birth of individual, characterized by a darker and more obvious line?
Neonatal line
33
Alternating constrictions and expansions of the rods
Transverse striations
34
Marks the daily apposition of enamel
Transverse striations
35
Marks weekly apposition of enamel?
Striae of retzius
36
Optical phenomenon due to the change in direction of enamel rods?
Bands of Hunter-Schregger
37
These are enamel rods cut transversely perpendicular to their long axes
Diazones
38
Enamel rods that are parallel to their long axes
Parazones
39
Dark bands?
Diazones
40
Light bands?
Parazones
41
These are avenues for the lateral spread of caries at the DEJ?
Enamel tufts
42
Hypomineralized enamel from the DEJ?
Enamel tufts
43
True or false. Enamel tufts increase as we age.
False
44
It occurs developmentally due to the abrupt changes in the direction of group of rods
Enamel tufts
45
Cracks on the surface of enamel
Enamel lamella
46
Short straight dark structures extending for short distances into enamel?
Enamel spindle
47
Formed when the odontoblastic process extend across the DEJ
Enamel spindle
48
Causes hypersensitivity along the DEJ
Enamel spindle
49
Where can you mostly find enamel spindles?
Cusp tips
50
Intertwining of groups of enamel rods following a curving irregular path toward the tooth surface?
Gnarled enamel
51
True of false. Gnarled enamel makes enamel stronger.
True
52
Scalloped in cross section
DEJ
53
Area where you can find bigger scalloping of DEJ?
Cervical area
54
Increases the attachment of enamel to dentin?
Scalloped DEJ
55
Process of enamel formation
Amelogenesis
56
What induces amelogenesis?
Deposition of dentin
57
Stages of amelogenesis. (4)
1. Presecretory stage 2. Secretory phase 3. Maturation stage 4. Protective stage
58
Phases of presecretory stage?
1. Morphogenic phase 2. Differentiation phase
59
Formed during morphogenic phase?
Membrana preformativa
60
It determines the form and shape of the crown?
Membrana preformativa
61
True or false. Membrana preformativa is removed after deposition of enamel matrix.
False ## Footnote \**Before* deposition of enamel
62
Part of ameloblast that penetrates into the enamel?
Tome's process
63
What stage: Crystals grow in length and diameter.
Maturation stage
64
It allows incorporation of inorganic material to the enamel?
Ruffled ended ameloblast
65
Ruffled ended ameloblasts occurs \_\_% of time.
80%
66
It permits exit of protein fragment and water from enamel?
Smooth ended ameloblasts
67
Smooth ended ameloblasts occurs \_\_% of time.
20%
68
It marks the partial mineralization of enamel as the matrix reach a certain thickness?
Striae of retzius ## Footnote Marks the weekly apposition, remember?
69
% of mineralization that occurs in primary calcification?
25-30%
70
Deposition of the rest of the enamel content?
Secondary calcification
71
True or false. When enamel first forms, it is only partially mineralized.
True
72
True or false. As enamel is exposed to the oral cavity, it becomes more mineralized.
True
73
What stage: Laying down of primary enamel cuticle
Protective stage
74
Another term for primary enamel cuticle.
Nasmyth's membrane
75
What stage: Ameloblasts become low cells and become part of reduced enamel epithelium
Protective stage
76
Loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from opposing teeth
Attrition
77
Loss of tooth surface by mechanical forces from a *foreign element*?
Abrasion
78
Loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids and not by bacterial origin?
Erosion
79
Incremental growth lines that appear on the surface of enamel?
Perikymata
80
Why can't you find perikymata on cusp tips and incisal edges?
Because of horseshoe shaped striae of retzius found there
81
Three rounded protuberances present on the cutting edges of incisors when it first erupts?
Mamelons
82
True or false. Enamel is impermeable.
False. It is partially permeable
83
Part of tooth prone to caries?
Pits and fissure
84
Process of dental caries follows the direction of \_\_\_\_?
Enamel rods
85
True or false. Overhanging enamel must be removed during cavity preparation.
True
86
Application of topical fluoride (eg. Toothpaste)
Fluoridization
87
Addition of fluoride in drinking water?
Fluoridation
88
Enamel conditioning
Acid etching
89
It provides better bonding surface for restorative material?
Acid etching
90
True or false. Enamel is more mineralized at the surface than at the area next to dentin?
True

Oral Histology (11 decks)

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