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Patho > Endocrine 1 > Flashcards

Endocrine 1 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

types of glands

A 
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes
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2
Q

hormones

A

chemical substances
affect only target cells with receptors
initiate specific “f” or activites

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3
Q

hormone regulation mechs

A

negative feedback
positive feedback
nervous system
rhythms

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4
Q

negative feedback

A

high levels of a substance inhibit hormone synthesis/secretion

low levels stimulate

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5
Q

positive feedback

A

high levels stimulate synthesis and secretion

low level inhibit

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6
Q

nervous system (hormone reg)

A

causes release of hormones

ie epineph

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7
Q

rhythms (hormone reg)

A

hormones fluctuate, circadian rhythms

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8
Q

post pit “f”

A

ADH

oxytocin

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9
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

regs fluid vol, causes H20 retention, dec UO, vasoconstriction (dec BP)

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10
Q

oxytocin

A

stim. contraction of uterus, lactating milk

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11
Q

SIADH

A

high levels ADH

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12
Q

etiology of SIADH

A

tumors, transient after surgery, meds, infections, pulm disease, most often hypoxia

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13
Q

patho of SIADH

A

ADH released causes H20 retention
Excess fluid volume + dilutional hyponatremia
Renin suppressed causs dec aldo and dec Na reabsorption

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14
Q

net effect of SIADH

A

hyponatremia, hypoosmolality, H20 retention

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15
Q

CM of SIADH

A 
FEWMACHS
Fatigue/lethargy
Edema
Wt gain
Muscle weakness
Abdominal cramps
Confusion/coma/Change in MS
H/A
Seizures
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16
Q

DT of SIADH

A

serum osmolarity dec
urine osmolarity inc
serum Na dec
urine output dec

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17
Q

Treatment for SIADH

A

H20 restrictions
hypertonic saline solution
if chronic, meds to inhibit ADH

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18
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Low ADH or dec action

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19
Q

types of diabetes insipidus

A

neurogenic
nephrogenic
psychogenic

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20
Q

patho of diabetes insipidus

A

neuro- dec ADH leads to excretion of lrg amounts of dilute urine
nephro- ADH OK but collecting ducts arent responding

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21
Q

CM for diabetes insipidus

A 
PNIFF
Polyuria
nocturia
inc thirst
fatigue
fluid volume deficit
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22
Q

DT for diabetes insipidus

A

serum osmolarity inc
urine osmolarity dec
water deprivation study

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23
Q

treatment for diabetes insipidus

A

fluid
synthetic ADH
meds to enhance ADH

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24
Q

ant pit “f”

A 
GH
TSH
ACTH
PR
FSH, LH
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25
Hypopituitarism
absence of 1 hormone to complete failure of all
26
patho of hypopituitarism
infarctions lead to tissue necrosis and edema | tumors lead to destruction of gland
27
etiology of hypopituitarism
infarction tumors infections trauma
28
CM for hypopituitarism-general
``` WSHDV Weakness/fatigue Sexual dysfunction H/A Dec tolerance to stress Visual changes ```
29
CM for hypopituitarism- panhypo
``` CTDGD Cortisol deficiency Thyroid deficiency Diabetes insipidus Gonadal failure Dec GH ```
30
DT for hypopituitarism
radioimmunoassay- ID which hormones affected
31
Treatment for hypopituitarism
hormone replacement
32
Excess growth hormone
inc GH
33
GH promotes
bone/cartilage growth elev. of BG protein synthesis mobilizes glucose and fatty acids
34
patho of EGH
excess causes soft tissue and bony overgrowth
35
gigantism
before epiphyses closure | grow proportionately
36
acromegaly
after epiphyses closure | bones grow wider/thicker/longer
37
metabolic effects of EGH
hyperglycemia
38
CM for EGH
``` EBECO Enlargement of bones Back/joint pain Enlargement of soft tissue Cardiac probs Overactive sebaceous/sweat glands ```
39
DT for EGH
GH inc oral glucose tolerance test- drink sol and GH inc MRI
40
Treatment for EGH
radiation | meds to dec GH
41
Thyroid gland
stores iodine which is needed for thyroid hormone synthesis
42
thyroxin
T4, 90%, converted to T3
43
triidothyronine
T3, active form of thyroid hormone
44
T3 and T4
together, affect metab rate, caloric requirements, 02 consumption, CHO and fat metab, growth/dev't of brain "f" and NS activity
45
calcitonin
produced by C cells, helps regulate Ca levels
46
Hyperthyroidism
inc TH
47
thyrotoxicosis
hypermetab from excess hormone
48
patho of hyperthyroidism
graves and toxic goiter
49
graves disease
autoimmune disease stim of thyroid with ABs against TSH receptors. ABs stim prod of T3 and T4, excess thyroid hormone bc acting on receptors causes thyroid storm (thyrotoxoc crisis) leads to death
50
age for graves disease
40-50 y.o
51
toxic goiter
cells/nodules that secrete hormone, | "f" autonomously, continue to prod excess amts.
52
age for toxic goiter
60-70 y.o, mostly occur in women
53
CM for hyperthyroidism
``` WINSHIIP Wt loss Inc HR, RR, palpitations Nervousness/excitability SOB Heat intolerance Insomnia Inc in GI motility Protrusion of eyeballs- exopthalmus ```
54
DT for hyperthyroidism
T3, T4 levels inc TSH dec iodine uptake test
55
treatment for hyperthyroidism
remove thyroid followed by replacement pill radiation anti-thyroid meds
56
hypothyroidism
dec production of TH
57
patho of hypothyroidism- primary
diminished thyroid tissue causes dec TH prod.
58
patho of hypothyroidism-secondary
dec TSH due to ant pit
59
cretinism
infancy, stunt growth and mental retardation
60
myxedema
adults, accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharides in dermis- puffiness around hands/feet/face
61
CM for hypothyroidism
``` DDDWWFFCIS Dec GI motility Dec HR Dec libido/fertility Wt gain Weakness/ muscle aches Fatigue Fluid retention Cold intolerance Impaired memory Sluggishness ```
62
Dt for hypothyroidism
T3/ T4 dec TSH depends on prob: primary- high secondary- low
63
treatment for hypothyroidism
hormone replacement- synthetic thyroid hormone
64
PTG
secrete PTH, regulates Ca levels
65
hyperparathyroidism
excess PTH, Ca levels inc
66
patho of hyperparathyroidism
primary- tumor secondary- response to chronically low Ca tertiary- hyperplasia of gland, loss of sensitivity to Ca
67
CM of hyperparathyroidism
``` FINMMK Fractures Insulin resistance N/V, constipation Muscle weakness Metab acidosis Kidney stones ```
68
DT for hyperparathyroidism
``` PTH inc serum Ca inc serum phosphate dec urine pH alkalosis bone density scans ```
69
treatment for hyperparathyroidism
surgery diuretics meds that dec resorption of Ca from bone
70
hypoparathyroidism
dec PTH, rare, | seen after surgery, hypomagnesium
71
patho of hypoparathyroidism
dec PTH causes dec in serum Ca
72
CM for hypoparathyroidism
``` HDSHTML Hyperreflexes Dry skin Seizures Hair loss Tetany Muscle spasms Laryngeal spasms ```
73
DT for hypoparathyroidism
PTH dec serum Ca dec serum phosphate inc magnesium level
74
treatment for hypoparathyroidism
Ca supplements | Vit D

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