GI Disorders 1

Question 1

GERD

Answer 1

gastroesophageal reflux diease

reflux of gastic secretions into esophagus

Question 2

etiology of GERD

Answer 2

incompetent lower esophageal sphincter
hiatal hernia
dec gastic emptying

Question 3

patho of GERD

Answer 3

reflux into esophagus

acidity causes esophageal irritation/inflam

Question 4

CM of GERD

Answer 4

heartburn
regurgitation
diffuculty swallowing
gastric symptoms
resp symptoms

Question 5

complications of GERD

Answer 5

scar tissue, esophageal strictures
Barrets esophagus
pneumonia

Question 6

diagnostic tests for GERD

Answer 6

barium swallow

esophageal endoscopy

Question 7

treatment for GERD

Answer 7

lifestyle change

meds: antacids, carafate, meds to inc motility, meds to dec acid

Question 8

Hiatal hernia

Answer 8

protrusion of upper portion of stomach into esophagus thru diaphragm

Question 9

etiology of HH

Answer 9

unknown
contrib factors: structural changes, weak muscle, inc abd. pressure, hereditary, related to age, excessive lifting, pregnancy

Question 10

types of HH

Answer 10

sliding

rolling

Question 11

sliding HH

Answer 11

junction of stomach and esophagus above diaphragm. stomach slides thru when lies down. causes reflux, irritation of esophagus

most common

Question 12

rolling HH

Answer 12

junction of stomach and esophagus is normal but stomach rolls up thru diaphragm and forms pocket. position causes congestion of mucosal bld flow strangulation of hernia can occur

more dangerous

Question 13

CM of HH

Answer 13

similar to GERD- both cause GERD
heartburn, reflux
epigastric pain
difficulty swallowing

Question 14

diagnostic test

Answer 14

same as GERD

Question 15

treatment for HH

Answer 15

small frequent meals
avoid tight clothes
antacids
surgery
wrap part of stomach around esophagus to prevent sliding ---- more complicated

Question 16

peptic ulcer disease

Answer 16

break/ulceration in GI mucosa from effects of gastric secretions
breaks expose submucosa and cause autodigestion

Question 17

risk factors for PUD

Answer 17

6
smoking
alcohol
use of NSAIDS
caffeine
chronic disease
h pylori

Question 18

types of peptic ulcers

Answer 18

duodenal
gastric
stress

Question 19

duodenal ulcers

Answer 19

most common
80% of ulcers
excess acid

Question 20

etiology of duodenal uclers

Answer 20

h pylori

Question 21

duodenal ulcers more common in

Answer 21

men. women inc. almost evening out.

at any age. typically 35-45 y.o

Question 22

patho of duodenal ulcers

Answer 22

hypersecretion damages mucosa

inadequate secretion of bicarb

Question 23

CM for duodenal ulcers

Answer 23

chronic intermittent pain- 2-3 hours after eating when stomach is empty
heal spontaneously- recur seasonal (spring/fall)
recur in middle of night
relieved with food

Question 24

gastric ulcers

Answer 24

in stomach
equal risk for men and women
typically age 55-65

Question 25

etiology of gastric ulcers

Answer 25

h pylori, NSAID

Question 26

patho of gastric ulcers

Answer 26

inc perm. of mucosa for H ions related to duodenal reflux of bile. inc bile salts affect mucosal membrane. damages mucosa releases histamine which inc acid --- more damage

Question 27

CM for gastric ulcers

Answer 27

pain in epigastrum loss of apetite, wt loss chronic- no pattern of remission and exacerbation (present at all times)

Question 28

complications of gastric ulcers

Answer 28

hemmorhage | perforation

Question 29

diagnostic tests for gastric ulcers

Answer 29

barium x ray endoscopy test for h pylori

Question 30

treatment for gastric ulcers

Answer 30

relieve hyperacidity | meds- antacids, meds to dec acid prod, abx for h pylori

Question 31

stress ulcers

Answer 31

develop from dec bld flow form of erosive gastritis not long term

Question 32

types of stress ulcers

Answer 32

ischemic | cushing

Question 33

ischemic stress ulcers

Answer 33

blood shunted away from GI tract. ischemia of mucosa. superficial erosions

Question 34

cushing stress ulcers

Answer 34

related to overstimulation of vagus nerve dec bld flow inc acid related to head trauma, brain surgery

Question 35

CM for stress ulcers

Answer 35

bleeding bc gastric irritation

Question 36

treatment for stress ulcers

Answer 36

prophylactically antacids meds to dec acid prod

Question 37

true ulcers

Answer 37

gastric duodenal cause bleeding

Question 38

not true ulcers

Answer 38

stress

Question 39

inflam bowel disease

Answer 39

chronic recurrent inflam of intestinal tract recurs. period with no symptoms ---> exacerbation

Question 40

etiology of IBD

Answer 40

infection agent autoimmune hereditary

Question 41

types of IBD

Answer 41

ulcerative colitis | crohns disease