Endocrine

Question 1

Addison’s disease is

Answer 1

not enough steroids

Question 2

Addison’s S&S

Answer 2

fatigue, weight loss, hypoglycemia, confusion, hypotension, hyponatremia, fluid volume deficit, hyperkalemic, decreased sex hormones

Question 3

Adrenal crisis S&S

Answer 3

extreme fatigue, dehydration, fever, hypotension, renal shut down, increase K+, decrease Na

Question 4

Cushing’s disease is

Answer 4

too much steroids

Question 5

Cushing’s S&S

Answer 5

thinning hair, facial flush, buffalo hump (fat pads), easy bruising, trunk obesity (redistribution of fat), thin extremities, retaining fluid, htn, weight gain, puffy face (moon face)

Question 6

hypothalamus releases

Answer 6

thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 7

pituitary gland releases

Answer 7

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

Question 8

adrenal glands release

Answer 8

steroids; glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids

Question 9

pancreas releases

Answer 9

insulin
glucagon

Question 10

thyroid gland releases

Answer 10

T3 and T4

Question 11

Conn’s disease

Answer 11

tumor on adrenal gland causing excess secretion of aldosterone

Question 12

difference between Cushing’s and Conn’s

Answer 12

Cushing’s is too many steroids (gluco-, mineral-, sex hormones) Conn’s is just too much aldosterone

Question 13

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 13

tumor on adrenal
gland causing too many catecholamine release (epi and norepi)

Question 14

in pheochromocytoma we do not palpate the __________ because _____________

Answer 14

abdomen; would cause catecholamines to be released causing an increase in BP and HR

Question 15

Pheochromocytoma S&S

Answer 15

tachycardia, palpitations, htn, diaphoresis, abdominal pain, chest pain, severe headache

Question 16

Too much antidiuretic hormone causes

Answer 16

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Question 17

not enough antidiuretic hormone causes

Answer 17

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Question 18

DI S&S

Answer 18

hypotension, tachycardia, headaches, muscle cramps, dilute urine, dry eyes, weight loss

Question 19

SIADH S&S

Answer 19

euvolemic, decreased urine output, GI upset, low sodium

Question 20

why does the body stay euvolemic in SIADH

Answer 20

the body is retaining too much water that the kidneys recognize this and begin to help regulate volume this maintains the client has euvolemic instead of becoming hypervolemic… key in diagnosing this condition

Question 21

not enough thyroid hormones

Answer 21

hypothyroidism

Question 22

too many thyroid hormones

Answer 22

hyperthyroidism or Grave’s disease

Question 23

too much TSH -> _______ T3 and T4 -> _______thyroidism

Answer 23

low; hypo

Question 24

not enough TSH-> _____ T3 and T4 _______ thyroidism

Answer 24

high; hyper

Question 25

Hypothyroidism S&S

Answer 25

slow HR, weight gain, loss of appetite, hair loss, dry skin, constipation, enlarged thyroid, intolerable to cold, fatigue

Question 26

Grave’s disease

Answer 26

autoimmune disease with antibodies attacking the thyroid causing hypothyroidism

Question 27

Grave’s S&S

Answer 27

sweating, exophthalmos, tachycardia, arrhythmia, headache, weight loss, emotional instability, tremor, muscle weakness, n/v, hyperactive GI, goiter

Question 28

thyroid storm S&S

Answer 28

very high fever, very high hr (200bpm), palpitations, chest pain, SOB

Question 29

too much parathyroid hormone

Answer 29

hyperparathyroidism

Question 30

not enough parathyroid hormone

Answer 30

hypoparathyroidism

Question 31

hypoparathyroidism = low calcium which causes S&S

Answer 31

excitable; tachy, tremors, seizures, etc

Question 32

hyperparathyroidism = high calcium = S&S

Answer 32

sedative effects

Question 33

not enough insulin =

Answer 33

diabetes type I or II

Question 34

too much insulin =

Answer 34

hypoglycemia

Question 35

insulin enters blood from ______ and glucose enters blood from ______

Answer 35

pancreas; GI tract

Question 36

no insulin means glucose channel is ______ and this leads to

Answer 36

closed; glucose not being able to enter cells and stays in the blood stream causing an increase in blood glucose

Question 37

enough insulin means glucose channel is ______ and leads to

Answer 37

open; glucose being able to enter the cell maintaining appropriate blood glucose

Question 38

Type I S&S

Answer 38

hungry, thirsty, tired because cells do not have enough energy, weight loss because cells do not get enough energy due to glucose channel not being open, blurred vision, increased urine output

Question 39

DM type I

Answer 39

autoimmune disease, body has destroyed beta cells of pancreas that produce insulin leaving little to no insulin in the body causing very high blood glucose levels in body. no glucose can get into the cells

Question 40

DKA

Answer 40

blood becomes hypertonic and is an acute exacerbation of type I DM. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia. Because cells don’t have glucose for energy they break down proteins and fats causing ketones to be produced

Question 41

DKA causes _____ (ABG) causing S&S

Answer 41

metabolic acidosis; kussmaul resporations blowing off CO2, high potassium, thirsty, GI upset, SOB, fatigue

Question 42

3 Ps of diabetes progressing to DKA

Answer 42

polyuria polydipsia polyphagia

Question 43

DM type II

Answer 43

not enough insulin, insulin resistance or bad insulin. Body is not making enough insulin to keep up with glucose.

Question 44

DM type II S&S

Answer 44

over weight for longer period of time (pancreas no longer able to keep up), blurred vision, frequent urination, excessive thirst, slow wound healing, fatigue, recurrent infections, numbness and tingling in extremities

Question 45

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)

Answer 45

Exacerbation of type II DM. high BGL, blood becomes hyperosmolar, kidneys produce more time due to hyperosmolarity of blood, no ketones, symptoms begin over days to weeks (vs hours for DKA)

Question 46

Hypoglycemia S&S

Answer 46

Tachycardia Irritability Restlessness Excessive hunger Diaphoresis Cold and clammy = need a candy

Question 47

DKA vs HHS

Answer 47

DKA: type one, ketones, acidotic, onset with hours HHS: type two, no ketones, no acidosis, onset days to weeks

Question 48

hypoglycemia treatment 15s rule

Answer 48

15 grams of carbs -> check BG in 15 min -> still low? give another 15g carbs and repeat process

Question 49

after BG rises it is important to give

Answer 49

snack with complex carb and protein to keep the BG up

Question 50

if hypoglycemic pt unconscious?

Answer 50

IV access push D50W No iv access? give IM glucagon