Reproductive System

Question 1

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 1

prostate and surrounding tissue grows excessively, puts pressure on urethra, bladder loses ability to fully empty, causes urinary retention

Question 2

BPH S&S

Answer 2

dribbling after urination, excessive nocturnal urination, frequency, sense of incomplete bladder emptying, urine leaking, incontinence, sexual dysfunction

Question 3

BPH dx

Answer 3

digital rectal exam, urine test to rule out other infection, blood test can indicate kidney problems, increase in Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test

Question 4

BPH tx

Answer 4

alpha blockers to relax bladder and prostate making urination easier (end in “osin”), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors to shrink prostate by preventing hormonal changes (end in “eride”), tadalafil to relax smooth muscles allowing more blood flow

Question 5

gynecoid pelvis shape

Answer 5

normal female pelvis, transversely rounded or blunt

Question 6

anthropoid pelvis shape

Answer 6

oval shaped, adequate outlet, narrow pubic arch

Question 7

android pelvic shape

Answer 7

angulate or heart shaped, resembles a male pelvis, not favorable for birth or labor

Question 8

platypelloid pelvis shape

Answer 8

flat with coal inlet, wide transverse diameter, short anteroposterior diameter making birth and labor difficult

Question 9

hormones released by anterior pituitary gland

Answer 9

FSH (follicle stimulating) and LH (luteinizing); produce changes in ovaries an endometrium, control menstrual cycle

Question 10

testosterone is produce from

Answer 10

testes

Question 11

estrogen and progesterone are produce by the

Answer 11

ovaries, progesterone also comes from placenta

Question 12

oral contraceptives contain

Answer 12

estrogen and progesterone

Question 13

polycystic ovarian syndrome

Answer 13

ovum begins to develop, but stops before it is fully mature, ovum not released and many build up in ovary, leading cause of infertility, greater risk of cancer later in life

Question 14

polycystic ovarian syndrome S&S and tx

Answer 14

dysfunctional bleeding, amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, infertility

Tx: oral contraceptives, antiandrogens, fertility agents

Question 15

Breast self exam should be done

Answer 15

once a month 3-5 days after menstrual cycle

Question 16

mammogram

Answer 16

breast xray to show changes that are too small for pt or HCP to feel

Question 17

a healthy cervix

Answer 17

will remain tightly closes until a pregnant individual is in labor

Question 18

endometriosis

Answer 18

tissue similar to tissue that normally lines inside of uterus grows outside the uterus, most commonly involves ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue lining pelvis

Question 19

endometriosis S&S

Answer 19

pain and menstrual irregularities

pain in lower abdomen, back, pelvis, rectum, vagina, occurs during sexual intercourse or while defecating, abnormal/heavy/painful menstruation or spotting, constipation/nausea, abdominal fullness or cramping, infertility (complication)

Question 20

endometriosis dx

Answer 20

pelvic exam: abnormalities, cysts, scars
U/S, MRI, laproscopy

Question 21

endometriosis tx

Answer 21

pain management, hormone therapy (contraceptives, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists and antagonists, aromatase inhibitors (reduce estrogen in body), progestin therapy (pills, IUD, nexplanon)), self care such as heating pad, electrosurgery and laparoscopic surgery

Question 22

Toxic shock syndrome

Answer 22

accumulation of toxins produce by microorganism staphylococcus aureus. Caused by tampons, cervical caps, diaphragms, can cause build up of microorganisms

Question 23

Risk factors for STDs

Answer 23

multiple sexual partners, inadequate condom use, breaks in skin integrity, severity of partners infection

Question 24

gonorrhea; cause, dx, tx

Answer 24

transmitted in oral, anal, vaginal sex or mother to baby during vaginal delivery. Dx: urine, secretions, blood test
Tx: abx

Question 25

gonorrhea S&S

Answer 25

Female: abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, dysuria, painful intercourse, intermenstrual bleeding

Male: penile discharge, testicular swelling, dysuria, penile inflammation, UTI

Question 26

syphilis; transmission, dx, tx

Answer 26

stages 1-3, direct contact with lesions or mother to baby, test secretions or blood, tx with abx

Question 27

syphilis S&S

Answer 27

Stage 1: headache, skin ulcer, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue

Stage 2: rash, mucosal damage, weight loss, heat

Stage 3: dementia and psychotic disorders, internal bleeding, damage to internal organs, resp failure

Question 28

syphilis is most contagious in stages

Answer 28

1 and 2

Question 29

chlamydia; transmission, dx, tx

Answer 29

most common in women, oral/anal/vaginal sex or mother to baby during vaginal delivery, urine or genital secretions tested, treated with abx

Question 30

herpes two types

Answer 30

HSV 1 = cold sores
HSV 2 = genital herpes

Question 31

herpes transmission, dx, tx

Answer 31

oral/anal/vaginal sex or mother to baby during delivery, presence of sores is dx and confirm with lab tests as needed, treated with antiviral drugs

Question 32

TORCH syndrome

Answer 32

infections that spread throughout body to baby (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex)

Question 33

TORCH syndrom S&S

Answer 33

fever, difficulties feeding, hepatomegaly, spleenomegaly, jaundice, hearing impairment, abnormalities of the eyes