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NCLEX > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

“pam” and “lam”; antianxiety, anticonvulsant, and sedation; avoid alcohol on these, monitor for resp depression; short acting (midaz), intermediate (clonazepam an lorazepam), long acting (diazepam)

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2
Q

Benzodiazepine antidote

A

flumazenil

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3
Q

Antidepressant classes

A

SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs

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4
Q

SSRIs common medications

A

fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram

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5
Q

SSRIs

A

antidepressants, prevent reuptake of serotonin increasing its availability in the body

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6
Q

SSRI nursing considerations

A

first line, monitor for serotonin syndrome, suicide precautions are important for 2-3 weeks

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7
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

htn, confusion, anxiety, tremors, ataxia, sweating

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8
Q

TCAs

A

“-triptyline”; antidepressants, prevents reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin increasing these neurotransmitters in the body

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9
Q

TCAs side effects

A

Tachycardia
Cardiac effects (arrhythmias, prolonged QT intervals)
Anticholinergic effects
Sedation/sexual dysfunction

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10
Q

MAOIs common meds

A

isocarboxazid, phenelzine

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11
Q

MAOIs

A

antidepressant, blocks levels of all neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepi, epi, serotonin)

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12
Q

MAOIs nursing considerations

A

avoid foods high in tyramine - aged cheeses, wine, pickled meats; can cause a hypertensive crisis

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13
Q

Lithium

A

mood stabilizer, inhibits dopamine and glutamate, need to monitor drug levels as it has a narrow therapeutic range, used in manic phase of bipolar disorder

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14
Q

Lithium cannot be administered with

A

NSAIDs

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15
Q

Lithium side effects of toxicity

A

seizures, arrhythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea, anorexia, hypothyroidism, tremors

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16
Q

First generation antipsychotic

A

Haloperidol; inhibits effects of dopamine

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17
Q

first generation antipsychotic nursing considerations

A

monitor for extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, can prolong QT interval, contraindicated in pregnancy

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18
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

brain stimulation therapy that passes an electric current through the brain and induces a brief seizure, is a highly effective treatment for psychiatric disorders

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19
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

extrapyramidal side effect of first generation antipsychotics; ticks, tremors, lip smacking, sticking out tongue, grimacing - repetitive involuntary movements

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20
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

extrapyramidal side effect of first generation antipsychotics; high fever, altered mental status, confused, muscle rigidity

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21
Q

ECT pt teaching

A

short term memory loss is normal, typically 6-12 treatments, may need maintenance treatments following

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22
Q

ECT indications

A

severe depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mania

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23
Q

repression

A

unconscious suppression of unwanted thoughts or information from consciousness; unable to recall experiences/traumatic events

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24
Q

denial

A

ignoring or refusing to acknowledge unacceptable realities

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25
projection
attributing one's own feelings, thoughts, behaviours, or motives to others
26
displacement
redirecting feelings to a safer, substitute object
27
regression
reverting to behaviors from an earlier stage of development in response to extreme stress
28
sublimation
channeling negative emotions or socially acceptable behavior
29
Anxiety
body's natural response to stress, can be normal but is concerning if chronic and in response to normal life activities
30
GAD symptoms
excessive worry, fatigue, irritability, muscle aches/soreness, restlessness, impaired concentration, difficulty sleeping
31
GAD management
ensure safe environment, reduce stimuli, monitor for self harm, establish trust, encourage expression of thoughts, rationalize their thoughts, determine triggers, antianxiety agents in severe cases
32
depression
state of low mood, aversion to activity, affects their thoughts, behaviours, and feelings
33
depression S&S
feelings of worthlessness/anger/inappropriate guilt/hopelessness, withdrawal from friends and family, poor concentration, changes in appetite, sleep problems, decreased energy, thoughts of death/suicide, drug/alcohol abuse, unintentional weight loss
34
depression management
nutrition/hydration, sleep, safe environment, assess risk for self harm, express feelings, validate frustration and sadness, get moving, ADLs
35
bipolar disorder
mood disorder where there is difficulty regulating extreme emotions, periods of mania, periods of depression, and inability to self-regulate these emotions
36
bipolar mania signs
extremely high energy, grandiose levels of self-esteem, loud rapid speech, very little need for sleep, engaging in risky behaviours
37
bipolar depression signs
feelings of lethargy both physically and mentally, sense of personal worthlessness, eating too much or too little, overwhelming sadness, suicidal ideations
38
bipolar disorder management
physiological needs (provide high calorie food they can eat on the go), safe environment, therapeutic communication, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers
39
PTSD
develops after exposure to a life-threatening or traumatic experience, recurring thoughts (flashbacks, nightmares), structural changes in brain
40
PTSD management
avoid triggers, adequate sleep, psychotherapy, SSRIs
41
for diagnosis of clinical depression symptoms need to present for
2 weeks or longer and is affecting ADLs
42
schizophrenia
long term mental disorder involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, behaviour; faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and relationships, sense of mental fragmentation
43
schizophrenia diagnosis
strong genetic predisposition, brain imaging shows enlargement of ventricles, reduced volume of thalamus, reduced volume of frontal lobe, abnormalities in dopamine and glutamate neurochemicals
44
schizophrenia S&S
negative: decrease emotional range (flat effect), decrease interest/drive in life, decrease inertia and initiative positive: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior
45
schizophrenia managament
safe environment, decrease stimulation, are auditory hallucinations telling them to do something?, therapeutic communication, ask about delusion to understand what they are experiencing, do not argue about delusion or hallucination, set limits, medications such as haloperidol
46
Obsessive compulsive disorder
irrational obsessions and ritualized acts, obsessions: belief that negative outcome will occur if a specific act is not performed, impairs normal functioning (relationships, job performance, academic success)
47
OCD management
safety (harmful compulsions?), therapeutic communication, identify triggers, psychotherapy (CBT, exposure/response), SSRIs
48
Personality Disorders
Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypical Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive
49
paranoid personality disorder
distrustful towards others, hostile
50
schizoid personality disorder
emotionally aloof, anhedonia
51
schizotypical personality disorder
bizarre behavior, magical thinking
52
antisocial personality disorder
lacks empathy for others, manipulative, selfish, fails to conform to societal norms, very deceptive
53
borderline personality disorder
splitting, craves attention, risk of self harm, depression, poor self image, unstable relationships
54
histrionic personality disorder
attention seeking, inappropriate clothing, seductive, provocative
55
avoidant personality disorder
avoids social situations because of self image, feels inadequate, lacks support systems
56
dependent personality disorder
struggles to make decisions, relies on others
57
anorexia nervosa S&S
distorted body image and low self esteem, restricts or avoids food and denies hunger, extreme fear of weight gain, excessive compulsive exercise, frequent dieting and obsession with calories, not maintaining a healthy weight, rituals around eating
58
anorexia nervosa assessment findings
low body temp, bradycardia, hypotension, cyanosis, hormonal and electrolyte imbalances, sleep disturbances, bone degeneration, amenorrhea, lanugo, GI upset
59
Anorexia nervosa management
physiological needs (body temp, HR, imbalances), ensure safety (self harm), therapeutic communication, establish rapport, validate feelings, no judgement, explore triggers, make plan to avoid triggers and what to do when triggered
60
bulimia nervosa S&S
consuming food in binge-episodes, purging food after eating, shame anxiety or guilty about eating, fixation with body weight, use of medications (diuretics, laxatives), excessive exercise
61
bulimia nervosa assessment findings
labile mood, helplessness, purging via vomiting (esophageal varices, tooth enamel break down, Russel's signs (skin breakdown on knuckles of hands)
62
Bulimia management
physiological needs (varices, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration), safe environment, therapeutic communication, validate feelings, help identify triggers and avoid
63

NCLEX (23 decks)

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