Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NCLEX > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

capillaries are where

A

exchange of nutrients/oxygen and waste products occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gas exchange happens in the

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ventilation is the

A

air movement in and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oxygenation is the

A

oxygen in the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

perfusion is the

A

oxygen in the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Airway = _________
Breathing = _________
Circulation = ____________

A

Ventilation
Oxygenation
Perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flow in respiratory support is

A

how many L/min of gas is flowing into the client; low flow or high flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2) is

A

percent of the gas that is oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of pressure respiratory support are

A

CPAP and BiPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CPAP stands for

A

continuous positive airway pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BiPAP stans for

A

Bilevel positive airway pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does CPAP do

A

delivers air pressure at single set level that stays consistent during sleep; inhalation and exhalation is a constant set pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CPAP is not as good for ____________ and is usually used for

A

accommodating breathing changes; obstructive sleep apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does BiPAP do

A

uses two two different pressure settings for inhale vs exhale and allows for lower pressure during exhalation; inhale is at a constant set pressure and exhale is set at a lower constant set pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BiPAP is used for

A

complex breathing problems such as central sleep apnea, and heart/lung/neurological disorders that require additional airway support during sleep (CHF, COPD, Parkinson’s, ALS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

High ventilator alarm means

A

pressure in circuit is too high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes of high ventilator alarms

A

coughing, gagging, bronchospasm, fighting the ventilator, ETT occlusion, kink in tubing, increased secretions, thick secretions, water in ventilator circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Low ventilator alarm means

A

pressure in the circuit is too low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes of low ventilator alarms

A

tubing is disconnected, loose connections, leak, extubation, cuffed ETT or trach is deflated, poorly fitting CPAP/BiPAP mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ETT placement should be verified by a

A

CXR and assessment of equal breath sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An ETT can become displaced into the ________ main stem bronchus

A

right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tracheostomy infection risk is high because

A

natural defenses of the nose and mouth are bypasse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

prevent trach infections by

A

daily trach care and which is a sterile procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

positioning for trach pts should be

A

fowlers or semi-fowlers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how to suction a trach
only to pre measured depth don't suction for longer than 10 seconds insert suction catheter and apply suction catheter on the way out some clients may need to be pre-oxygenate with 100% FiO2
26
____ fingers should fit underneath a trach tie
1
27
at the bedside of a trach pt you need to have
two back up trachs: 1 of the same size and 1 half a size smaller
28
Indications for chest tube
Pneumothorax Effusions (pleural) Abscess Cancer (lung) Hemothorax
29
________ chamber is connected to suction on chest tube system
suction control chamber
30
in the suction control chamber there should be ___________ bubbling
gentle bubbling
31
in the water seal chamber there should be __________ bubbling
intermittent bubbling
32
the ___________ chamber is connected to the pt in a chest tube system
drainage collection chamber
33
the drainage collection chamber should have _________ bubbling
no bubbling
34
the drainage system for a chest tube should always be kept
below the level of the client's chest
35
drainage from a chest tube should be no more than ___________ and should be checked _________-
100ml/hr; hourly
36
drainage from a chest tube should be (characteristics)
color: serous - serosanguinous Odor: none Consistency: thin-thick
37
If the chest tube comes out of the pt
cover site with sterile dressing and tape on 3 sides
38
if the chest tube disconnects from the drainage system
place end of tube in bottle of sterile water
39
bronchodilators
bind to beta2 adrenergic receptors in the airway leading to relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways
40
bronchodilators can cause
tachycardia
41
use caution when administering bronchodilators to pts with
heart disease, diabetes, glaucoma, or seizures
42
Bronchodilator examples
albuterol, terbutaline, ipratropium
43
side effects of terbutaline includes
shakiness, dizziness, drowsiness, sleep disturbances, weakness, headache, n/v, tachycardia, htn, hyperglycemia, CNS overstimulation
44
montelukast
leukotriene modifier: long term control medication, helps prevent/control flare ups of allergic rhinits, allergies, asthma
45
guaifenesin
expectorant; loosens up mucus and stimulates cough to get mucus out of respiratory tract
46
acetylcysteine
mucolytic; breaks up mucus to get rid of it
47
pseudophedrine, phenylephrine
decongestant; work on CVS system; capillaries in nasal passages and cause vasoconstriction which reduces edema leading to decongestion
48
antitussives
dextromethorphan, codeine; cough medications, suppress the cough reflex
49
methylprenisolone
steroid to reduce inflammations and suppress normal immune response
50
too much steroid can cause
cushing's symptoms
51
Side effects of steroids
immunosuppression, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, delayed wound healing
52
antihistamines 2 types
histamine 1 blocker and histamine 2 blocker
53
histamine 1 blockers and example
block H1 receptors in CNS -> stop allergies; used in resp system as blocking the CNS receptors cause depression of symptoms example) diphenhydramine
54
histamine 2 blockers and example
blocks production of stomach acid example) famotidine, ranitidine
55
diphenhydramine has anticholinergic effects which include
drying the body up, urinary retention, constipation
56
COPD
group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe; includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma
57
emphysema
destruction of the alveoli due to chronic inflammation; decreased surface area of alveoli for gas exchange
58
chronic bronchitis
chronic inflammation with a productive cough and excessive sputuma
59
asthma
respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs causing difficulty in breathing - chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles and excess mucus
60
COPD assessment findings
barrel chest accessory muscle use congestion lung sounds diminished, crackles, wheezes acidotic, hypercarbic, hypoxic
61
explanation of ABGs in COPD pt
CO2 increases because air is being retained = hypercarbic, CO2 is an acid so they become acidotic; poor gas exchange due to surface area of alveoli decreasing leads to hypoxia
62
COPD treatment
oxygen (carefully), bronchodilator, chest physio, increase fluid intake, pursed lip breathing, small frequent meals
63
in a normal pt ___________ stimulates the body to breathe, but in COPD pts __________ is the driving factor to breathe because
hypercarbia; hypoxia; because they have been hypercarbic for an extended period of time
64
asthma has to have a
trigger
65
acute asthma exacerbation treatment
open up airway (albuterol? intubation?), O2 admin followed by bronchodilator, anticholinergic, steroid, IV fluids
66
status asthmaticus
asthma attack that is refractory to treatment and leads to severe respiratory failure; will intubate to keep airway open (may give magnesium sulfate to vasodilate and sedation to help relax muscles)
67
pneumonia
inflammation of the lung affecting alveoli, they become filled with pus and liquid
68
diagnosis of pneumonia
CXR (patchy infiltrates), sputum culture
69
pneumonia S&S
high fever, cough, tachypnea, crackles, chest pain, increased work of breathing
70
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia in absence of any cardiac relation
71
ABGs in a pt with ARDS will show
respiratory acidosis; due to impaired gas exchange
72
damage to the lungs from ARDS is reversible or irreversible
irreversible
73
ARDS causes an increase in capillary membrane permeability which means
the cells spread out causing fluid to leak into alveoli leading to poor gas exchange
74
causes of ARDS
anything that causes an inflammatory reaction in the lungs (trauma, sepsis, burns, aspiration pneumonia, overdose, near drowning)
75
Diagnosis of ARDS
CXR showing diffuse bilateral infiltrates, hypoxemia; pale, cool, mottles, low SpO2
76
treatments for ARDS
treat underlying condition, intubation and mechanical ventilation, prone, prevent infection (VAP), prevent barotrauma (too much pressure to alveoli)
77
spontaneous pneumothorax occur due to a
disease process
78
Pneumothorax S&S
SOB, chest pain, desaturation, hypotension, tachycardia, tracheal deviation?
79
tension pneumothorax
air goes into lungs and leaks into pleural space where it then accumulates, it pushes on the lungs, trachea, and heart causing the trachea to shift
80
pulmonary embolism
blood clot in lungs, causing hypoxemia
81
pulmonary embolism can lead to _______ sided HF if untreated
right
82
Pulmonary embolism S&S
dyspnea, chest pain, anxiety, hypoxemia, rales, diaphoresis, hemoptysis
83
treatment and interventions for pulmonary embolism
O2 admin, high fowlers, anticoagulants, thrombolytics
84
positioning for air embolism
durants: maneuver, left lateral trendelenburg
85
positioning for pulmonary embolism
high fowlers
86

NCLEX (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions