Endocrine

Question 1

What type of feedback system is the Endocrine?

Answer 1

Negative Feedback

Question 2

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

Answer 2

close proximity of hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 3

Posterior Pituitary releases what two hormones?

Answer 3

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 4

What is the main controller?

Answer 4

Hypothalamus

then Pituitary
then Gland

Question 5

Hypothalamus: hormone

Answer 5

thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 6

Pituitary: hormone

Answer 6

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 7

Thyroid: hormone

Answer 7

T3, T4

Question 8

Hypophysyiotropic hormones

Answer 8

hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels: specific circulatory vessels that allows release of hormones from hypothalamus to direct to anterior pituitary

Question 9

TRH: actions on anterior pituitary

Hypophysyiotropic hormones

Answer 9

stimulates secretion of TSH

thyroid gland

Question 10

CRH: actions on anterior pituitary

Hypophysyiotropic hormones

Answer 10

stimulates secretion of ACTH

adrenal cortex

Question 11

GHRH: actions on anterior pituitary

Hypophysyiotropic hormones

Answer 11

stimulates secretion of GH

Question 12

ACTH: physio actions

Anterior Pituitary hormones

Answer 12

stimulates production of glucocorticoids and androgens by the adrenal cortex

Question 13

TSH: physio actions: physio actions

Anterior Pituitary hormones

Answer 13

stimulates production of thyroid hormones, T4 & T3

Question 14

GH: physio actions

Anterior Pituitary hormones

Answer 14

stimulates postnatal body growth; stimulates secretion of IGF-1

increases lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, IGF-1

Question 15

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 15

formation of new glucose from the liver

Question 16

IGF-1

Answer 16

main mediator of growth
improves glucose transport, enhance metabolism
can decrease at kidneys (homeostasis)

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Decreases lipolysis, gluconeogensis
Increases glucose transport
*from pancreas

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Decreases lipolysis, gluconeogensis
Increases glucose transport
*from pancreas

Question 19

Thyroid gland

Answer 19

after hypothalamus

after pituitary

Question 20

Parathyroid glands

Answer 20

different then thyroid gland

makes T3/T4

Question 21

Thyroid hormone synthesis & secretion

Answer 21

depends on iodide

needs this to make T3/T4

Question 22

After iodide diffuses in it binds to…

Answer 22

thyroglobulin

Question 23

Thyroglobulin facilitates…

Answer 23

T3/T4

Question 24

T3/T4 splits up and then…

Answer 24

diffuses back into the blood stream

Question 25

Main action of thyroid gland?

Answer 25

increases metabolic rate*** Other actions heat production growth *CNS sympathetic

Question 26

T4 pops off iodide then becomes...

Answer 26

T3 enters into target cell Diffuses through nuclear membrane Increases cardiovascular/metabolism

Question 27

Hyperthyroidism: causes

Answer 27

Graves' disease: autoimmune Excessive hormone production Pituitary tumor Thyroid tumor *Weight loss

Question 28

Tumors can cause...

Answer 28

hypo & hyper

Question 29

Graves' disease

Answer 29

autoimmune & endocrine, antibodies persistant sim of thyroid gland results in goiter

Question 30

Cortisol

Answer 30

hypothalamus: CRH pituitary: ACTH adrenal: cortisol glucocortoid effects *response to stress, relieves

Question 31

Insulin: Islet of Langerhans

Answer 31

Beta produces insulin Alpha produces glucagon *Counteracts each other Uptake is needed to get out of blood...ATP can't happen

Question 32

Main role of parathyroid glands?

Answer 32

regulate Ca

Question 33

3 sources of Ca? (PTH)

Answer 33

Bone Kidney Intestine

Question 34

PTH & Calcitonin

Answer 34

Decrease Ca + Parathyroid, - Thyroid C cells Increase PTH, Increase Calcitonin Increase Ca, Decrease Ca Increase Ca - Parathyroid, + Thyroid C cells Increase PTH, Increase Calcitonin Increase Ca, Decrease Ca

Question 35

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 35

Genetic, Environmental B-Cell dysfunction Hyperglycemia Acute, Chronic

Question 36

DM 1 Patho

Answer 36

B-Cell destruction T Cells failing to recognize B-cells as self Attack B-Cells *antibodies

Question 37

DM 2 Patho

Answer 37

``` Fatty Acids Adipokines Inflammation Insulin resistance B-Cell dysfunction ```

Question 38

Fatty Acids

Answer 38

Inhibits glucose utilization and increase glucose production

Question 39

Adipokines

Answer 39

Horomones assoc w/ adipose Increase w/ obesity: Leptin, Resistan, block insulin Decreases w/ obesity: Adiponectin, enhances insulin

Question 40

Inflammation

Answer 40

Cytokines that block insulin response | TNF & IL-6

Question 41

Chronic complications: DM

Answer 41

Retinopathy Nephropathy Neuropathy Atheroscelerosis

Question 42

DM 1 Tx

Answer 42

Insulin | Diabetic Care Training