Endocrine (general)

Question 1

what system does the endocrine coordinate with

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

endocrine communication

Answer 2

use of hormones secretion in the bloodstream influences metabolic activity

Question 3

2 types of hormones

Answer 3

amino based (water soluble) and steroid based (lipid soluble)

Question 4

eg of amino based hormones

Answer 4

peptides and polypeptides

Question 5

eg of steroid based hormones

Answer 5

cortisol

Question 6

2 ways the action of hormones

Answer 6

1. bind to a receptor on the outside of a cell (non-steroid)
2. enter the cell and instigate a change in a receptor which causes a shift in the proteins

Question 7

3 ways to control hormone release

Answer 7

humoral, hormonal, neural

Question 8

humoral

Answer 8

responds directly to circulating ion to nutrient levels (eg glucose release)

Question 9

hormonal

Answer 9

release hormones in response to other hormones (eg hypothalamus)

Question 10

neural

Answer 10

nervous system can turn on and off endocrine systems (eg adrenal gland)

Question 11

negative feedback

Answer 11

regulates output

Question 12

positive feedback

Answer 12

amplify the change that is detected in the body (eg child birth)

Question 13

hormones

Answer 13

carry messages from glands to cells

Question 14

hypothalamus function

Answer 14

responsible for body temperature, hunger, moods and release of hormones from other glands

Question 15

pituitary gland function

Answer 15

“master gland”- controls other glands and makes hormones that trigger growth

Question 16

parathyroid gland function

Answer 16

controls the amount of calcium in the body

Question 17

pancreas gland function

Answer 17

help controls blood sugar levels

Question 18

adrenal gland function

Answer 18

controls sex drive and cortisol

Question 19

pineal gland function

Answer 19

produces melatonin which affects sleep

Question 20

ovaries function

Answer 20

produce testosterone and progesterone

Question 21

testes function

Answer 21

produces testosterone

Question 22

thyroid gland

Answer 22

produces hormones associated with calorie burning and heart rate

Question 23

endocrine disorders are commonly caused by

Answer 23

tumours, autoimmune diseases

Question 24

what are endocrine disorders are result of

Answer 24

hyper secretion or hypo secretion of hormones

Question 25

oxytocin function (F/M)

Answer 25

initiates muscular contraction of the uterus and stimulate milk production during lactation (female) it also increases the production of testosterone in the testes (male)

Question 26

anti-diuretic hormone

Answer 26

reduces water loss from the body to maintain plasma volume

Question 27

anterior pituitary gland

Answer 27

growth hormone - promotes cell division and proliferation, stimulates the breakdown of fats, promotes bone and cartilage growth, stimulates uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis

Question 28

ACTH

Answer 28

causes cortisol secretion and aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex

Question 29

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Answer 29

regulates functions of skin pigment cells

Question 30

follicle stimulating hormone (2)

Answer 30

initiates follicle growth in ovaries and oestrogen secretion,

Question 31

Lutenizing hormone secretion

Answer 31

Oestrogen and stimulates testes to secrete testosterone

Question 32

Prolactin secretion

Answer 32

Stimulates lactation for milk production Inhibits FSH & gonadotropin

Question 33

grave's disease

Answer 33

autoimmune condition where your immune system mistakenly attacks thyroid which becomes overactive.

Question 34

hyperthyroidism

Answer 34

gland produces too much thyroid hormone

Question 35

symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 35

weight loss, fast heart rate, sweating and nervousness

Question 36

hypothyroidism

Answer 36

doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone

Question 37

symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 37

fatigue, constipation and dry skin

Question 38

where is the parathyroid located?

Answer 38

posterior of thyroid glands

Question 39

function of parathyroid hormone

Answer 39

regulates calcium levels in the blood

Question 40

functions of the parathyroid gland

Answer 40

- stimulates breakdown of bony tissue - enhances calcium absorption in the small intestine - enhances reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 41

where are the 2 adrenal glands located?

Answer 41

top of each kidney

Question 42

function of adrenal cortex

Answer 42

responsible for hormone release, produces cortisol and aldosterone mainly

Question 43

function of the adrenal medulla

Answer 43

produces adrenalin and noradrenalin; mediates immediate stress response

Question 44

Addison's disease

Answer 44

adrenal glands produce too little cortisol

Question 45

Cushing's disease

Answer 45

hypersecretion of cortisol

Question 46

function of the pancreas

Answer 46

produces islets of langerhans (endocrine) and acini (exocrine) associated with glucose levels

Question 47

islets of langerhans

Answer 47

produce alpha (release glucagon) and beta (release insulin) cells

Question 48

high blood glucose (pancreas)

Answer 48

detected by beta cells of pancreas, insulin is released into the blood

Question 49

low blood glucose (pancreas)

Answer 49

detected by alpha cells, glucagon is released

Question 50

diabetes mellitus

Answer 50

inherited or acquired deficiency in the production of the insulin and the absence of insulin

Question 51

gonads (female)

Answer 51

produce estrogens and progesterone, secreted by the placenta during pregnancy to prepare mammary glands for lactation and prevents uterine contraction

Question 52

testes (males)

Answer 52

produces testosterone, aids for general body functions, increases protein formation, muscle build up , red blood cells and basal metabolic rate in the body

Question 53

pineal gland function

Answer 53

produces melatonin which regulates sleep/wake pattern- without this wouldn't be able to adapt to seasonal changes physiologically

Question 54

endocrine signalling

Answer 54

secretion of hormones into the blood

Question 55

paracrine signalling

Answer 55

locally, only changes local cell behaviour

Question 56

autocrine signalling

Answer 56

secretion of hormones by a cell that stimulates itself