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Block 8 Ellen > Endocrine homeostasis > Flashcards

Endocrine homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrinology=

A

study of glands and the hormones they produce

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2
Q

2 types of glands

A

exocrine

endocrine

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3
Q

2 types of hormones based on solubility

A

Lipid soluble

Water soluble

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4
Q

how are lipid soluble hormones transported

A

Need transport protein

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5
Q

where are lipid hormone receptors

A

inside the cell

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6
Q

where are water soluble hormones receptors

A

in cell membrane

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7
Q

3 different hormone structure

A

Polypeptide
Amino acid
Steroids

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8
Q

2 polypeptides

A

Anterior pituitary hormones

Secretin

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9
Q

2 amino acids

A

catecholamines

Thyroid hormones

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10
Q

2 steroid hormones

A

adrenal cortical and gonadal hormones

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11
Q

2 hormones derived from tyrosine

A

catechloamines

thyroid hormone

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12
Q

where does the hypothalamus lie below

A

the thalamus

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13
Q

where does the pituitary gland sit

A

sella turicia

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14
Q

hypothalamus connected to the pituitary by the

A

pituitary stalk

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15
Q

What is the hypothalamal hypophyseal portal system

A

network of capillaries that join the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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16
Q

two main hormones released from the posterior pituitary

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

Oxytocin

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17
Q

where are the posterior pituitary hormones synthesised

A

in the hypothalamus

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18
Q

HPA axis =

A

hypthalamus produces CRH—> anterior pituitary to produce ACTH—> adrenal cortex to produce cortisol
cortisol negative feedback of CRH and ACTH

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19
Q

CRH=

A

corticotropin releasing hormone

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20
Q

ACTH=

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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21
Q

cortisol functions as a

A

stress hormone

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22
Q

primary adrenal insufficiency=

A

lesion in adrenal cortex

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23
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency=

A

lesions in the anterior pituitary

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24
Q

tertiary adrenal insufficiency=

A

lesions in the hypothalamus

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25
another name for primary adrenal insufficiency
addison's disease
26
what does addison's disease cause
decreased cortisol levels | increased CRH and ACTH
27
what can primary adrenal insufficiency (addison's disease) cause
hyper-pigmentation
28
what causes hyper-pigmentation
ACTH stimulating melanocyte to make lots of melanin
29
in which adrenal insufficiency are all 3 hormone levels low
tertiary adrenal insufficiency
30
what do you do if you suspect insufficiency
stimulate
31
what do you do if you suspect over functioning
suppress
32
how to diagnose addison's disease
synacthen stimulation test (synthetic ACTH)
33
diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency by
insulin stress test
34
explain insulin stress test
insulin= hypoglycaemia= stress response= increase CRH= normally increase in ACTH and cortisol
35
cushing syndrome=
general symptoms of increased cortisol levels
36
characteristics of hypercortisolism
loss of hair weight gain hyperglycaemia protein depletion (poor wound healing)
37
sources of hypercortisolism
primary | secondary
38
name of secondary hypercortisolism
cushings disease
39
what 2 diseases cause hyper-pigmentation
primary adrenal insufficiency | secondary hypercortisolism
40
levels in cushing syndrome
increased cortisol increased ACTH decreased CRH
41
levels in primary hypercortisolism
increased cortisol decreased ACTH decreased CRH
42
test for cushing's syndrome
dexamethasone suppression test
43
HP-Thyroid axis
TRH from hypothalamus---->TSH from anterior pituitary----> thyroid hormones from thyroid
44
2 thyroid hormones
Triiodothyronine (T3) | thyroxine (T4)
45
HP gonadal axis =
GnRH from hypothalamus ---> anterior pituitary release LH and FSH ---> increases in testosterone in males and increase in oestrogen/ progesterone in females
46
primary hypogonadism levels
decreased oestrogen and testosterone | increased LH and FSH
47
secondary hypogonadism levels
decreased oestrogen/testosterone | decreased LH anf FSH
48
prolactin=
a milk hormone made by the anterior pituitary
49
prolactin production is a type of
positive feedback
50
what is a prolactin inhibiting factor
dopamine
51
metaclopromide=
dopamine antagonist
52
what can a side effect of metaclopromide cause
hyperprolactinemia---> galactorrhoea
53
bromocriptine=
dopamine agonist
54
growth hormone pathway=
GHRH released by hypothalamus---> pituitary GH---> liver to produce IGF-1
55
IGF-1=
insulin-like growth factor
56
before epiphysis has grown excess GH=
gigantism
57
after epiphysis has grown excess GH=
acromegaly (broad/wide features of hands ect)
58
what suppresses GHRH
somatostatin
59
where is somatostatin produced
hypothalamus (also pancreas)
60
how to treat excess growth hormone syndromes
Octreotide (somatostatin analogue)
61
how are posterior pituitary hormones transported in the blood
neurophysins hormones
62
name 2 posterior pituitary hormones
vasopressin (ADH) | Oxytocin
63
what does vasopressin do
contracts the blood vessels to maintain blood pressure | and conserves water
64
what inhibits ADH
alcohol (causing excess urine production)
65
treatment of diabetes insipidus
synthetic ADH (desmopressin)
66
what mechanism does oxytocin use
positive feedback
67
what does oxytocin cause
contraction of uterus smooth muscle

Block 8 Ellen (14 decks)

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