L1 pathway to men and women sex differences

Question 1

When is sex determined

Answer 1

at fertilisation

Question 2

how many autosomes do all gametes carry

Answer 2

22

Question 3

Men sex chromosome =

Answer 3

XY

Question 4

Women sex chromosome=

Answer 4

XX

Question 5

What is an oocyte

Answer 5

female gamete

Question 6

what do all eggs contain

Answer 6

X

Question 7

what is the male gamete called

Answer 7

spermatozoon

Question 8

what sex chromosomes does the spermatozoon contain

Answer 8

X or Y (approx equal)

Question 9

Which is the heterogametic sex

Answer 9

males

Question 10

which is the homogamatic sex

Answer 10

females

Question 11

Describe the Y chromosome

Answer 11

small

Question 12

what is the sex-determining area of the Y gene

Answer 12

SRY

Question 13

XXsxr=

Answer 13

sex reversal

exhibit primary and secondary male characteristics

Question 14

XY-females=

Answer 14

exhibit primary and secondary female characteristics bc missing/ mutated SRY box

Question 15

Where does the embryonic gonad develop from

Answer 15

genital ridge primordia

Question 16

what embryonic tissue does the gonad develop from

Answer 16

mesoderm

Question 17

what do gametes originate as

Answer 17

primordial germ cells (PGC)

Question 18

where do the gametes migrate from

Answer 18

the hindgut

Question 19

what embryonic germ layer are gametes derived from

Answer 19

epiblast

Question 20

what is the first wave of migration

Answer 20

primordial germ cells

Question 21

where have the primordial germs cells migrated to after 30 days post fertilisation

Answer 21

developing kidneys

Question 22

what is the second wave of migration

Answer 22

coelomic

Question 23

what causes the sex differentiation

Answer 23

the coelomic epithelium migration into the cortex of the developing gonad

Question 24

when the gonads first appear in fetus they are________

Answer 24

indetermined in sex

Question 25

In females the cortex

Answer 25

develops into an ovary

Question 26

in females the medulla

Answer 26

degenerates

Question 27

in males the medulla

Answer 27

develops into testies

Question 28

in male the cortex

Answer 28

degenerates

Question 29

where is the SRY gene important

Answer 29

coelomic epithelia (developing sex cords)

Question 30

the gonads form 2 mesenchymal knots

Answer 30

either side of the dorsal aorta

Question 31

where does the coelomic epithelia proliferate and penetrate into

Answer 31

medullary mesenchyme surrounding the primordial germ cells

Question 32

what are the primordial germ cells cord later in development

Answer 32

prospermatogonia cells

Question 33

what cells do the prospermatogonia form

Answer 33

sertoli cell

Question 34

What are the sex cords like in the females

Answer 34

lack defined structure

Question 35

In females what do the PGCs become

Answer 35

oogonia

Question 36

what do oognia become

Answer 36

granulosa

Question 37

what is the third wave of migration

Answer 37

mesonephric primordia

Question 38

mesonephric primordia in the male develops into

Answer 38

leydig cells vascular tissue myoid cells

Question 39

mesoephric primordia in the female develops into

Answer 39

teca cells | vascular tissue

Question 40

what deos mesonephric primordia is both males and females not express

Answer 40

SRY gene

Question 41

which is the only part to express SRY gene

Answer 41

coelomic epithelium

Question 42

how does SRY act

Answer 42

as a transcription factor acts on coelomic epithelium to initiate and drive the expression of SOX9

Question 43

what does SOX9 do

Answer 43

drives more expression (self sustaining) produce PGD2 inhibit Fox ligand 2 initiates the production of AMH

Question 44

what are the cells that make PGD2

Answer 44

pre-sertoli cell

Question 45

what do pre-sertoli cells make

Answer 45

androgens and testosterone

Question 46

what happens in the absence of SOX9

Answer 46

ovo-testies are formed

Question 47

what is AMH

Answer 47

anti-mullarian hormone

Question 48

what does AMH do

Answer 48

prevents the formation of the mullerian duct

Question 49

do PGCs express SRY

Answer 49

no

Question 50

what happens to PGCs in males

Answer 50

surrounded by sex-cords and cease mitosis

Question 51

what hormones are vital for male development

Answer 51

AMH and androgen

Question 52

wolffian duct=

Answer 52

male

Question 53

mullerian duct=

Answer 53

female

Question 54

which duct is the default

Answer 54

mullarian duct

Question 55

what is rokitansky's syndrome

Answer 55

female acted on by AMH so mullerian duct regressed

Question 56

what determins the sex of the genital tract

Answer 56

testies, ovaries are irrelevant

Question 57

where does androgen act

Answer 57

on the hypothalamus (preoptic area)

Question 58

what does AIS stand for

Answer 58

androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 59

what does AIS mean

Answer 59

XY chromosome but phenotypically female bc tissues fail to respond to androgen secreted until puberty

Question 60

what enzyme are AIS sufferers deficient in

Answer 60

5-alpha reductase