Sperm origins and role

Question 1

acrosome=

Answer 1

sits on top of the spermatoza and contains enzymes that digest through the egg

Question 2

what does the male contribute to the egg

Answer 2

nucleus DNA and centrioles

Question 3

where are the mitochondria arranged in the sperm

Answer 3

in the midpiece in a specific structure surrounding the sperm tail

Question 4

what is the key cell of the testicular cords

Answer 4

sertoli cells

Question 5

when do the male germ cells arrest

Answer 5

in mitosis

Question 6

what is the highly coiled structure in the testes

Answer 6

seminiferous tubule

Question 7

where do the seminiferous tubules drain into

Answer 7

retes testes

Question 8

what are the retes testes formed from

Answer 8

the wolffian duct

Question 9

where does the retes testes drain into

Answer 9

the epididymis and then into the vas deferens

Question 10

where are spermatozoa made

Answer 10

in the seminiferous tubules

Question 11

where are spermatozoa matured

Answer 11

epididymis

Question 12

in males what develops into the testes and what degenerates

Answer 12

the medulla develops into testes, cortex degenerates

Question 13

what cells line the seminiferous tubule

Answer 13

sertoli cells

Question 14

where have sertoli cells originated from

Answer 14

coelomic epithelia

Question 15

what gene do sertoli cells express

Answer 15

SRY gene

Question 16

what type of cell are sertoli cells

Answer 16

epithelial

Question 17

what junctions join the sertoli cells to form a continuous barrier

Answer 17

gap and tight junctions

Question 18

what is the job of sertoli cells

Answer 18

to nourish and support another cells division

Question 19

what is the compartment called in the middle of the seminiferous tubule

Answer 19

adluminal compartment

Question 20

what compartment is on the outside of the tube

Answer 20

basal compartment

Question 21

what cells support the sertoli cells

Answer 21

myoid cells

Question 22

what forms the blood testes barrier

Answer 22

tight junctions formed between sertoli cells (myoid cells help)

Question 23

what does the blood testes barrier ensure

Answer 23

stops sperm being recognised by antibodies

Question 24

what cells lie outside of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 24

leydig cells

Question 25

what can tell us how developed a spermatozoa is

Answer 25

there position in the gaps between the sertoli cells

Question 26

what do meiosis and mitosis both begin with

Answer 26

diploid cells

Question 27

end product of mitosis

Answer 27

2 diploid cells

Question 28

end product of meiosis

Answer 28

4 spermatozoa

Question 29

when do the prospermatogonia resume mitosis

Answer 29

at puberty under the direction of GnRH

Question 30

what does the first mitotic division of prospermatogonia form

Answer 30

spermatogonium type A1

Question 31

how many mitotic divisions

Answer 31

5

Question 32

what is the does A4 spermatogonium produce

Answer 32

intermediate spermatogonium

Question 33

what do intermediate spermatogonium divide to become

Answer 33

spermatogonium type B

Question 34

when does mitosis stop

Answer 34

when resting primary spermatocytes are formed

Question 35

where does the mitosis of sperm happen

Answer 35

basal layer of the sertoli cells

Question 36

what do the Type B spermatogonia do

Answer 36

they breach the tight junctions and stimulaneously enter meiosis

Question 37

where does all meiosis take place

Answer 37

adluminal compartment

Question 38

what are the gametes called at the start of meiosis

Answer 38

primary spermatocytes

Question 39

what are the gametes called at the end of meiosis 1

Answer 39

secondary spermatocytes

Question 40

in meiosis 2 what so secondary spermatocytes become

Answer 40

early spermatids

Question 41

for each type B spermatogonium how many spermatids are there

Answer 41

4

Question 42

what is special about the spermatids

Answer 42

they are undergoing cell division but aren't separating into individual cells they are maintaining cytoplasmic bridges

Question 43

GO TO MA TOZ

Answer 43

spermatogonia spermatocytes spermatids spermatozoa

Question 44

what confers individuality between the clones

Answer 44

chiasmata

Question 45

what happens to the golgi apparatus in spermatid specialisation

Answer 45

they move to the proximal end of the cell and secrete the acrosome vesicle

Question 46

what happens to the centrioles in spermatid specialisation

Answer 46

both move to distal end of cell and most distal one forms the flagellum

Question 47

what forms the flagellum

Answer 47

most distal centriole

Question 48

where do mitochondria become concentrated

Answer 48

around the developing flagellum

Question 49

what do the sertoli cells enable the cytoplasm to do

Answer 49

enable excess cytoplasm to be pinched off

Question 50

what does the head of the sperm contain

Answer 50

the nucleus with very little cytoplasm

Question 51

what does the midpiece of sperm contain

Answer 51

the centrioles one of which is extended into the flagellum and the mitochondria

Question 52

how many days to make a spermatozoa from a stem cell

Answer 52

64

Question 53

what are the two key roles of the testes

Answer 53

spermatogenesis and hormone production

Question 54

where do the sperm travel from the seminiferous tubules

Answer 54

into the retes testes and then into the epididymis

Question 55

what happens to sperm in the epididymis

Answer 55

they become concentrated, matured and stored

Question 56

can a spermatozoa out of the seminiferous tubules swim

Answer 56

no

Question 57

when can spermatozoa swim

Answer 57

after a period of time away from the seminiferous tubules in the epididymis

Question 58

which cells does LH bind to

Answer 58

leydig cells

Question 59

what cells does FSH bind to

Answer 59

sertoli cells

Question 60

what happens when LH binds to leydig cells

Answer 60

androgen (testosterone) is produced

Question 61

what happens when FSH binds to sertoli cells

Answer 61

production of androgen receptors inhibin produced positively supports leydig cells

Question 62

what does inhibin do

Answer 62

acts on pituitary to inhibit FSH

Question 63

what cells are leydig cells comparable to in females

Answer 63

theca cells

Question 64

what is the production of testosterone from leydig cells crucial to maintain

Answer 64

blood testes barrier

Question 65

what is the more potent version of testosterone

Answer 65

5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone

Question 66

what kind of soluble is testosterone

Answer 66

lipid soluble

Question 67

what does sertoli cells do to testosterone

Answer 67

converts dihydrotestosterone and binds to androgen receptor

Question 68

when do androgen levels rise and spermatogenesis begin

Answer 68

at puberty

Question 69

what do granulosa cells and sertoli cells both support

Answer 69

the production of gametes

Question 70

what structure contributes the majority of semen volume

Answer 70

seminal vesicle

Question 71

what does the seminal vessel contribute to semen

Answer 71

nutrients to keep the sperm alive | fructose, ascorbic acid, prostaglandins

Question 72

what does the prostate contribute to semen

Answer 72

PSA (prostate specific antigen)

Question 73

what does the bulbourethral gland contribute to semen

Answer 73

mucus to lubricate sex

Question 74

ejaculate semen comes from (4)

Answer 74

seminal vesicle prostate cowpers gland vas deferens

Question 75

what is prostate function dependant on

Answer 75

androgen

Question 76

3 drugs treating prostate cancer/ enlargement

Answer 76

goserelin bicalutamide finasteride

Question 77

what is Goserelin (drug)

Answer 77

GnRH antagonist

Question 78

what is bicalutamide (drug)

Answer 78

androgen receptor antagonist

Question 79

what is finasteride (drug)

Answer 79

reductase inhibitor

Question 80

oligozoospermia=

Answer 80

low sperm count

Question 81

aspermia =

Answer 81

complete absence of semen

Question 82

Azoospermia

Answer 82

complete absence of sperm

Question 83

asthenozoospermia

Answer 83

low sperm motility

Question 84

teratospermia=

Answer 84

abnormal morphology

Question 85

what temp do sperm work at

Answer 85

2 degrees below body temp

Question 86

what is the first step in a erection

Answer 86

corpus cavernosa fills with blood

Question 87

what happens because of sensory stimulation in an erection

Answer 87

nitric oxide is produced which acts as a vasodilator

Question 88

what does Nitric oxide increase the production of

Answer 88

cyclicGMP

Question 89

what does cyclicGMP do

Answer 89

vasodilator increases blood in the corpus cavernosa

Question 90

detumescence=

Answer 90

end of sensory stimulation

Question 91

what happens in detumescence

Answer 91

sensory stimulation lost nitric oxide levels fall production of PDE5

Question 92

what does PDE5 do

Answer 92

breaks down cGMP and causes vasoconstriction

Question 93

how to treat elevated levels of PDE5

Answer 93

viagra

Question 94

proper name for viagra

Answer 94

sildenafil